Macrofungi are key decomposers of organic matter and play an active role in biogeochemical cycles, thereby contributing to carbon sequestration in forest ecosystems. Floodplain forests (várzeas) are characterized by the dynamics of rising and receding waters, which are rich in suspended material and influence species variation and adaptation. The knowledge about the distribution of macrofungi in várzea environments in the Brazilian Amazon is limited. This study aims to evaluate the diversity and composition of macrofungi on three várzea forest islands, while also examining differences in species richness and abundance between seasonal periods. A total of 88 macrofungal species that belong to the phylum Basidiomycota were identified. The findings revealed significant variations in species composition, yet no notable differences in species richness or abundance were observed between the seasonal periods. The environmental conditions and resources available to macrofungi appear to be consistent among the islands, which leads to a balanced diversity. However, additional research is essential to uncover the true distribution patterns of macrofungi in the várzeas of the Brazilian Amazon, an area under significant threat to its biodiversity.

Luteoporia camposii is described based on integrative morphological and molecular evidence from material collected in an urban park in the Brazilian Amazon. The species is characterized by annual, resupinate basidiomes; vivid yellow pores when fresh, becoming brown to dark brown upon drying; tissues turn purple in KOH; a monomitic hyphal system with thick-walled generative hyphae bearing clamp connections; and subcylindrical basidiospores (3.4–5.0 × 1.6–2.3 μm). Phylogenetic analyses based on combined ITS and nrLSU rDNA sequences recovered L. camposii as a strongly supported monophyletic lineage sister to L. albocitrina, with L. albomarginata resolved as the basal lineage to this clade. Morphological characteristics and molecular phylogeny consistently support L. camposii as a distinct species. A full description, illustrations, phylogenetic analyses, comparisons with related species, and an identification key to the currently known species of Luteoporia are provided.