Food allergy is an abnormal immune response to antigens introduced into the body through food. Its prevalence has increased in developed and developing countries. Natural products are traditionally used to alleviate and treat diseases, and diet can play a role in both the prevention and management of food allergy. The effects of capsaicin as an anti-oxidant, anticarcinogenic, and anti-inflammatory in the energy expenditure and suppression of fat accumulation have been demonstrated. This study evaluated the effect of oral supplementation with capsaicin on a food allergy model. OVA-sensitized mice received ovalbumin solution, and they were fed with chow supplemented with capsaicin for 7 days. The control group received AIN-93 chow with no supplementation. IgE anti-ova, inflammatory infiltration, oxidative stress and metabolic analysis were performed. The results showed that capsaicin supplementation is not able to reduce characteristic signs of food allergy, such as production of IgE and weight loss. However, macrophages infiltration and IL-33 in proximal jejunum was reduced in OVA capsaicin group. In addition, hepatic triglycerides and intestinal hydroperoxides were reduced in both capsaicin groups. Oral supplementation with capsaicin attenuated important factors associated to food allergy such as inflammation and oxidative stress, suggesting better prognosis and evolution of the disease.

There is a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and impaired cognitive function in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To critically and systematically review the literature on the association between vitamin D status and cognitive performance in people with type 2 diabetes. This review was conducted according to PRISMA recommendations. MEDLINE, SCOPUS, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched using the terms “Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2”, “Cognitive Function”, and “Vitamin D”. Eight observational and 1 randomized study were included, containing data of 14 648 adult and elderly individuals (19–74 y). All extracted data were compiled, compared, and critically analyzed. There is no strong evidence that lower serum concentrations of vitamin D and vitamin D–binding protein are associated with worsening cognitive function in individuals with T2DM. Vitamin D supplementation (12 wk) improved the scores of some executive functioning tests, although there was no difference between low doses (5000 IU/wk) and high doses (50 000 IU/wk). There is no high-quality evidence demonstrating an association between vitamin D status and cognitive function, or clinical benefits on cognition from vitamin D supplementation in individuals with T2DM. Future studies are needed. Systematic Review Registration:PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021261520.

Background: Estrogen depletion alters bone mineralization and oxidative stress. Antioxidants like humic acids (HA) may help mitigate bone demineralization and redox imbalances. Thus, this study evaluated the effects of HA on bone mineral composition and oxidative stress markers in an experimental menopause model. Methods: Twenty-four female C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (n = 6/group): Sham; Sham + HA; Ovariectomized (OVX); and OVX + HA. The menopause model was induced by bilateral ovariectomy at the beginning of the experiment. HA derived from biomass vermicompost was administered daily by gavage for 28 days. After euthanasia, femurs and fragments of the gastrocnemius muscle, liver, and kidney were collected. Bone elemental composition was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) activities were assessed in muscle, renal, and hepatic tissues. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s post hoc test. Results: Untreated OVX mice exhibited a significant reduction in femoral calcium content (p < 0.05). However, HA treatment increased calcium levels and improved the Ca/P ratio (p < 0.05). H₂O₂ activity was reduced in the liver and kidney of OVX + HA mice compared to untreated animals (p < 0.05). CAT activity in muscle increased in the OVX + HA group compared to the OVX (p < 0.05). Conclusions: HA treatment improved femoral elemental composition and modulated oxidative stress markers in an experimental menopause model.

Background: Early-life nutrition, especially during gestation and lactation, plays a key role in metabolic programming and can influence the risk of obesity and related conditions in adulthood. This study investigated whether supplementation with maternal fish oil—rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids—could prevent metabolic and inflammatory changes induced by postnatal overfeeding. Methods: Female mice received fish oil (1 g/kg by oral gavage) during mating, pregnancy, and lactation. The animals were allocated into three groups: control (C), postnatal overfeeding (PO), and postnatal overfeeding + fish oil (POFO). Neonatal overfeeding was induced by reducing litter size, and only male offspring were analyzed. In adulthood, body weight, glucose tolerance, lipid profile, serum adipokines, adipose tissue cytokines, and hepatic oxidative stress markers were evaluated. Results: Maternal fish oil supplementation reduced early weight gain and lowered fasting glucose, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, while increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in overfed offspring. It also decreased serum leptin, resistin, and chemerin levels and reduced hepatic lipid peroxidation, thereby restoring catalase activity. No differences were observed in hepatic triglycerides or superoxide dismutase activity. Conclusion: Maternal fish oil supplementation during critical developmental windows attenuated the metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress alterations induced by postnatal overfeeding in male mice.