Background and objectives: Thyroid nodules are a common finding in clinical practice and can be either benign or malignant. The aim of this study was to compare laboratory parameters between patients with malignant thyroid nodules and those with benign thyroid nodules. Materials and methods: A total of 845 patients were included, with 251 in the study group (malignant thyroid nodules) and 594 in the control group (benign thyroid nodules). Results: Our results show that there were statistically significant differences in several laboratory parameters, including FT3, FT4, ESR, fibrinogen, WBC, and lymphocyte percentage, between the two patient groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings suggest that certain laboratory parameters may be useful in differentiating between benign and malignant thyroid nodules and could aid in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer. However, further diagnostic tests such as fine-needle aspiration biopsy and imaging studies are typically required for an accurate diagnosis. Routine laboratory tests prove most effective when combined with other diagnostic methods to identify thyroid cancer. Although not conclusive on their own, these tests significantly suggest and guide physicians to suspect malignancy in thyroid nodules. This affirmative answer to our question, “Can routine laboratory tests be suggestive in determining suspicions of malignancy in the case of thyroid nodules?” aligns with the results of our study.

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, and preoperative distinction between benign and malignant nodules remains challenging, especially in cytologically indeterminate cases. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have gained interest as non-invasive biomarkers due to their stability and involvement in tumorigenesis. This study aimed to assess the preoperative diagnostic value of circulating miR-146a and miR-221 in patients undergoing thyroidectomy. A total of 56 patients were included, of whom 24 had malignant and 32 had benign thyroid lesions confirmed by histopathology. Preoperative plasma levels of miR-146a and miR-221 were quantified using qRT-PCR, and relative expression was calculated with the 2^−ΔΔCt method. miR-221 expression was significantly higher in malignant cases, with an area under the ROC curve of 1.00, achieving 100% sensitivity and specificity at the optimal threshold. miR-146a showed no significant discriminatory ability. Weak correlations were observed between miRNA expression and clinical parameters such as age, TIRADS score, or thyroid volume. Logistic regression including miR-221 led to perfect separation, indicating strong predictive capacity but precluding multivariate modeling. These findings suggest that circulating miR-221 may serve as a highly accurate biomarker for thyroid malignancy and warrant further validation in larger, prospective cohorts.

Background and Objectives: The prevalence of thyroid nodules and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) has increased. This study firstly aims to assess the prevalence of T2DM among thyroid nodules patients who underwent total thyroidectomy in the Western Romanian population. By focusing on the biochemical and hormonal parameters, it also aims to provide insights into possible connections between T2D and different types (benignant or malignant) of thyroid nodules. Materials and Methods: A total of 926 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy were analysed, comprising 99 (10.7%) T2D patients and 827 (89.3%) non-diabetic patients (non-T2D). Results: This study’s results revealed an increased prevalence of T2D among thyroid nodules patients. Among these patients, higher values of FT4 and inflammatory markers and a higher prevalence of malignant nodules (55%, p = 0.001) were noted. Conclusions: Our study revealed an increased prevalence of T2D among thyroid nodules patients. The biochemical profile of thyroid nodules in T2D patients presents aspects, like elevated FT4 and inflammatory markers, which should be considered in their clinical management. Furthermore, a T2D patient seems to be more likely to develop thyroid malignancies. Thyroid screening strategies in diabetic patients should be considered.

Background/Objectives: Thyroid nodules exhibit substantial histopathological variability, and systemic markers that differentiate benign from malignant patterns remain poorly defined. This study evaluated clinical, biochemical, hormonal, and histopathological characteristics in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy for nodular thyroid disease. Methods: A retrospective cohort of 926 patients operated between 2017 and 2024 was analyzed. Patients were classified as: Group 1—benign lesions; Group 2—benign–malignant associations; Group 3—multiple malignant lesions. Demographic, biochemical, hormonal, and histopathological data were assessed using the Kruskal–Wallis and Mantel–Haenszel chi-square tests. Thyroid-specific tumor and autoimmunity markers (calcitonin, thyroglobulin, anti-thyroglobulin antibodies, and thyroid peroxidase antibodies) were not included in the comparative analyses due to their non-uniform availability across the retrospective cohort. Results: Most clinical and biochemical parameters showed no significant differences among the three groups, including TSH (p = 0.122), FT3 (p = 0.560), glycemia (p = 0.829), creatinine (p = 0.193), fibrinogen (p = 0.535), and thyroid dimensions (length p = 0.401, width p = 0.183, thickness p = 0.667, and total thyroid mass p = 0.109). Neutrophil count differed in the overall comparison (p = 0.021), although absolute differences were small, and lymphocyte counts were modestly lower in patients with multiple malignant lesions compared with benign disease (p = 0.009). Comorbidities and BMI were similarly distributed across groups (all p > 0.05). Overall, routinely available clinical, biochemical, and hormonal parameters demonstrated limited discriminatory value between patients with different histopathological patterns. Conclusions: Standard clinical, biochemical, and hormonal markers showed minimal ability to reflect underlying histopathological patterns in patients with thyroid nodules, underscoring their limited utility for preoperative risk stratification.

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the applicability of different shear wave elastography (SWE) methods in the diagnosis, differentiation, and monitoring of subacute thyroiditis (SAT). Methods: This prospective study included 26 patients diagnosed with SAT and 40 healthy controls. All participants underwent conventional B‐mode ultrasonography followed by two‐dimensional shear wave elastography (2D‐SWE), using a 4–15 MHz linear transducer (Aixplorer, Supersonic Imagine, France). Thyroid stiffness was assessed in kilopascals (kPa) and evaluated at diagnosis, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks. Statistical analysis included t ‐tests, repeated‐measures ANOVA, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and Youden Index calculation to determine optimal diagnostic cut‐off values. Results: Baseline thyroid stiffness in SAT patients was significantly higher than in controls (127.25 ± 54.06 kPa vs. 19.5 ± 7.1 kPa; p < 0.001). Stiffness values decreased over time, reaching 117 ± 44.67 kPa at 4 weeks and 57.17 ± 22.89 kPa at 8 weeks. An exploratory cutoff value of 37.2 kPa showed complete separation between groups within this specific cohort. Beyond baseline group differences, the most relevant finding was the longitudinal change in thyroid stiffness during clinical recovery, supporting the role of SWE as a quantitative imaging biomarker of inflammatory activity. Conclusions: 2D‐SWE showed promising performance as a quantitative imaging biomarker for evaluating and monitoring SAT in this exploratory cohort. It provides valuable quantitative data on tissue stiffness, complementing conventional ultrasound and aiding clinical decision‐making during follow‐up.