Substantial milestones have been attained in the field of heart failure (HF) diagnostics and therapeutics in the past several years that have translated into decreased mortality but a paradoxical increase in HF-related hospitalizations. With increasing data digitalization and access, remote monitoring via wearables and implantables have the potential to transform ambulatory care workflow, with a particular focus on reducing HF hospitalizations. Additionally, artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) have been increasingly employed at multiple stages of healthcare due to their power in assimilating and integrating multidimensional multimodal data and the creation of accurate prediction models. With the ever-increasing troves of data, the implementation of AI/ML algorithms could help improve workflow and outcomes of HF patients, especially time series data collected via remote monitoring. In this review, we sought to describe the basics of AI/ML algorithms with a focus on time series forecasting and the current state of AI/ML within the context of wearable technology in HF, followed by a discussion of the present limitations, including data integration, privacy, and challenges specific to AI/ML application within healthcare.

Coronary artery disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Acute myocardial infarction results in ischemia-induced cellular dysfunction and death. While timely reperfusion limits myocardial damage, it paradoxically triggers ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI), exacerbating tissue damage. IRI, first observed in the 1960s, is mediated by complex molecular pathways, including oxidative stress, calcium dysregulation, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation. This review examines emerging therapeutic strategies targeting IRI, including ischemic preconditioning, postconditioning, pharmacological agents, and anti-inflammatory therapies. Preconditioning serves as an endogenous protection mechanism, while pharmacological postconditioning has become a more clinically feasible approach to target oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis during reperfusion. Pharmacological agents, such as GSK-3β inhibitors, JNK inhibitors, and mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes, have shown promise in modulating molecular pathways, including Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB, to reduce myocardial injury and enhance recovery. Combination therapies, integrating pharmacological agents with mechanical postconditioning, provide a synergistic approach to further protect tissue and mitigate damage. However, translating preclinical findings to clinical practice remains challenging due to discrepancies between animal models and human conditions, particularly with comorbidities such as diabetes and hypertension. Continued research is essential to refine these therapies, optimize clinical application, and address translational challenges to improve outcomes in IRI.

Scurvy is a nutritional disorder caused by vitamin C deficiency. It was a notorious disease in the ancient world, especially among the sailors, and is of rare occurrence in contemporary, developed countries due to increased access and advancement in nutrition services. Scurvy primarily affects the skin and soft tissue, presenting with a myriad of clinical manifestations ranging from musculoskeletal to bleeding-related complaints and even sudden death in later stages. In this article, we present the case of an elderly female with scurvy-related weakness and gait instability leading to mechanical falls, easy bruising, fatigue, and petechial rash. She had improvement in her constitutional symptoms after the initiation of vitamin C supplements. This case reinforces the need to consider scurvy as one of the differentials for petechial rash and easy bruising apart from bleeding diathesis and vasculitis in the contemporary world, especially in at-risk populations.

Background: B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphomas (B-ALL/LBL) are uncommon neoplasms that may be associated with a variety of cytogenetic and molecular changes. The mechanisms by which these changes arise have not been fully described. Aims/Purpose: This report describes an unusual case of B-ALL/LBL with complex clonal evolution that includes BCL2 and MYC gene rearrangements. Methods: Immunophenotyping was performed by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Traditional G-band karyotyping was accompanied by fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) using break-apart and dual fusion probes. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were assessed using a high-density DNA microarray. Results: The karyotype of the blasts showed reciprocal translocation of chromosomes 4 and 18, reciprocal translocation of chromosomes 8 and 14 with two copies of the oncogenic translocation derivative(14)t(8;14), and no normal chromosome 14. FISH studies showed complex IGH-BCL2 and IGH-MYC fusion signals. Conclusions: A clonal evolution model involving multiple chromosomal translocations and mitotic recombination is postulated to account for the karyotype, FISH, and microarray results but leaves unresolved the exact order of the evolutionary changes.

Subclinical atrial fibrillation (SCAF) episodes are frequently detected in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). These asymptomatic arrhythmias are increasingly recognized as potential harbingers of clinical atrial fibrillation and thromboembolic events. However, the management of SCAF—particularly regarding the use of oral anticoagulation (OAC)—remains controversial. This literature review (Medline, Scopus, Goggle scholar, Embase) focuses on using current literature and clinical studies to guide decision-making regarding anticoagulation therapy and other treatment options that can limit complications for patients with SCAF. The decision to initiate anticoagulation in patients with atrial high-rate episodes (AHREs) should be individualized, balancing stroke risk against bleeding potential. Ongoing research and post hoc analyses will further clarify which subgroups may benefit most from therapy, informing future guideline recommendations.