This work presents studies on the antiwear, antifriction, and extreme pressure properties of motor oil dispersed with MoS₂ nanoparticles. Commercial oil (SAE 20W-40 grade) is dispersed with stabilized MoS₂ nanoparticles in 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 wt%. The test oils are tested for antiwear, antifriction, and extreme pressure properties on a four-ball wear tester. The wear and friction offered by nanolubricants has decreased remarkably compared to the commercial base oil. The weld load and load wear index of oils dispersed with nanoparticles were improved substantially compared to the commercial base oil. Metallographic studies conducted on the wear balls from the extreme pressure test show that nanoparticles are deposited on the worn area along with additives in the oil, thereby preventing welding of the surfaces. An optimum weight fraction is arrived at for best performance. A synergy between the additives in the oil and dispersed nanoparticles has been observed, resulting in less dispersion for best results. It is found that beyond an optimum weight percentage of nanoparticles, the trends tend to reverse, resulting in greater wear and friction.

With recent technological advances, adding nanomaterials as a reinforcement material in concrete has gained immense attention. This review paper aims to report advances in the form of a one-stop shop catering to methods that focus on improving the quality of traditional concrete. Nanoparticles—the elementary form of nanomaterials—are proven to enhance the strength and longevity of concrete. Nanosilica, nanoalumina, nanometakaolin, carbon nanotubes, and nanotitanium oxide are modern nanomaterials that have demonstrated strong evidence of enhancing concrete quality, which supports infrastructure building and long-term monitoring. Nanoconcrete—an exciting prospect extending the boundaries of traditional civil engineering—exhibited increased compressive and flexural strength using elementary compounds. In particular, the rigorous research survey of many articles reveals an increase in compressive strength from 20% to 63% by replacing the cement with different nanomaterials in different percentages and flexural strength from 16% to 47%.

The aim of the current study is to investigate the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of a diesel engine adopting graphene nanoplatelets and 10% dimethyl carbonate as fuel additives in a 30% biodiesel and 70% diesel blend. The novel findings are documented in the subsequent sections. The surface modification of graphene nanoplatelets using a lipophilic surfactant was used which gave highest stability in fuel samples which is a main distinctive in this research work. Nanofuels were prepared using 30, 60, and 90 ppm concentrations of nanoparticles through ultrasonication. The behaviour of graphene nanoplatelet was characterized using field emission scanning gun-electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, and X-ray diffraction. A diesel engine having uniform speed of 1500 rpm was used for the experiment at various load conditions to assess the engine operating parameters for all the prepared samples, including baseline diesel. It was observed that the combustion characteristics were found to be greatly enhanced, such as cylinder pressure and heat release rate, increased by about 15.45% and 9.63%, respectively, for B30GNP60DMC10 sample than diesel at higher loads. Performance parameters such as brake thermal efficiency (elevated by 8.98%) and brake-specific fuel consumption (diminished by 25.54%) have been significantly analyzed and compared to diesel. While the emissions (such as hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide) were found to be reduced by 22.87% and 25.67%, respectively, for B30DMC10, the nitrous oxide and smoke opacity were also reduced by 9.57% and 12.4%, respectively, for the B30GNP60DMC10 sample. Hence, a combining operation of graphene nanoplatelets and dimethyl carbonate additives in a biodiesel blend presented great potential in terms of performance improvement and reduction in emission parameters in diesel engine.