This paper applied the optimization model of the biogas utilization pathway with the biogas utilization availability assessment to examine the effect of biogas system parameters on biogas utilization. The model analyzes the biogas utilization pathway availability and maximum profit to value added and productivity in biogas from industry wastewater in Thailand. The results showed that profit and availability of biogas utilization reduce biogas loss to flare, that it entails several conversion processes. The scenario for the biogas utilization pathway and storage with biogas production technology improves. Evaluated are operation time, waste and energy demand to the cassava starch usage during the production for 50–1000 tons per day. Five mature biogas production technologies were benchmarked evaluated based on the chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency and biogas yields. Subsequently, low-, medium-, and high-pressure storages and a battery storage were considered and discussed in this paper as suitable energy storage for each desired biogas plant operation. Five biogas utilization pathways, including converting biogas into thermal energy, generating electricity, and upgrading biogas to compressed biogas, were then compared. Those improved options in the scenario select suitable biogas technologies, storage, and application for value-added, reduce the environmental problems and renewable energy production from wastewater.

Crystalline TiO₂ has shown its great photocatalytic properties in bacterial inactivation. This work presents a design fabrication of low-cost, layered TiO₂ films assembled reactors and a study of their performance for a better understanding to elucidate the photocatalytic effect on inactivation of E. coli in water. The ability to reduce the number of bacteria in water samples for the layered TiO₂ composing reactors has been investigated as a function of time, while varying the parameters of light sources, initial concentration of bacteria, and ratios of TiO₂ film area and volume of water. Herein, the layered TiO₂ films have been fabricated on the glass plates by thermal spray coating prior to screen printing, allowing a good adhesion of the films. Surface topology and crystallographic phase of TiO₂ for the screen-printed active layer have been characterized, resulting in the ratio of anatase:rutile being 80:20. Under exposure to sunlight and a given condition employed in this study, the optimized film area:water volume of 1:2.62 has shown a significant ability to reduce the E. coli cells in water samples. The ratio of surface area of photocatalytic active base to volume of water medium is believed to play a predominant role facilitating the cells inactivation. The kinetic rate of inactivation and its behavior are also described in terms of adsorption of reaction species at different contact times.

Effect of Solar Concentrator System on Disinfection of Soil-Borne Pathogens and Tomato Seedling Growth | InTechOpen, Published on: 2012-02-15. Authors: Sirichai Thepa, Jirasak Kongkiattikajorn and Roongrojana Songprakorp