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Prof. John Rennie Short
School of Public Policy, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA

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Chapter
Published: 17 May 2021 in Stress Testing the USA
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This chapter draws general conclusions about what the five events reveal about the structural weaknesses of the contemporary United States. They revealed: a commitment to Empire, a discounting of risks and the deregulation of oversight of risky enterprises, the unchallenged metanarratives of neoliberalism, magical thinking, a health system geared for profit, and the lack of a strong and resilient social safety net.

ACS Style

John Rennie Short. The United States of Stress. Stress Testing the USA 2021, 167 -180.

AMA Style

John Rennie Short. The United States of Stress. Stress Testing the USA. 2021; ():167-180.

Chicago/Turabian Style

John Rennie Short. 2021. "The United States of Stress." Stress Testing the USA , no. : 167-180.

Chapter
Published: 17 May 2021 in Stress Testing the USA
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At 6:10 am on Monday, August 29, 2005, Hurricane Katrina made landfall. Wind speed had dipped slightly although it was still at a destructive force of 145 mph. The resultant storm surge overwhelmed some of the levees that protected New Orleans. It was not a “natural” disaster. The disaster that befell New Orleans was neither inevitable nor unavoidable. This chapter identifies three interconnected structural flaws: the nature of human–environment relations that ignore the risk of obvious environmental hazards and denied climate change; the decline of a belief in big government that leads to the infrastructure deficit; and a disaster response system with limited concern for the weakest members of the national community.

ACS Style

John Rennie Short. Hurricane Katrina, Infrastructure Deficit and the Costs of Climate Change. Stress Testing the USA 2021, 37 -86.

AMA Style

John Rennie Short. Hurricane Katrina, Infrastructure Deficit and the Costs of Climate Change. Stress Testing the USA. 2021; ():37-86.

Chicago/Turabian Style

John Rennie Short. 2021. "Hurricane Katrina, Infrastructure Deficit and the Costs of Climate Change." Stress Testing the USA , no. : 37-86.

Chapter
Published: 17 May 2021 in Stress Testing the USA
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Introduces the reader to the notion of stress testing as a way to highlight a system’s weak spots. Crises and disasters reveal, like nothing else, the fracture lines within a society. This chapter introduces five disasters that each provides a major stress test of the United States: the War on Terror, Hurricane Katrina, financial crisis, the Gulf oil spill, and the COVID-19 epidemic.

ACS Style

John Rennie Short. Introduction to Stress Testing the USA. Stress Testing the USA 2021, 1 -6.

AMA Style

John Rennie Short. Introduction to Stress Testing the USA. Stress Testing the USA. 2021; ():1-6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

John Rennie Short. 2021. "Introduction to Stress Testing the USA." Stress Testing the USA , no. : 1-6.

Chapter
Published: 17 May 2021 in Stress Testing the USA
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On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak of the disease COVID-19 as a “public health emergency of international concern.” The announcement got little traction in the United States. Although professional epidemiologists were worried, there was little expression of official government concern. The United States soon emerged as a national hotspot with a large number of cases and reported deaths. There was a lack of coordinated response, a failure to take the virus as a serious threat, and an almost criminal lack of vital medical equipment. The pandemic revealed a health system geared to providing care for the affluent, a hollowing out of the state as a provider of social welfare, and a fragmented government public health system undermined by hyper-partisan politics.

ACS Style

John Rennie Short. The Pandemic and the Costs of an Unhealthy America. Stress Testing the USA 2021, 143 -166.

AMA Style

John Rennie Short. The Pandemic and the Costs of an Unhealthy America. Stress Testing the USA. 2021; ():143-166.

Chicago/Turabian Style

John Rennie Short. 2021. "The Pandemic and the Costs of an Unhealthy America." Stress Testing the USA , no. : 143-166.

Chapter
Published: 17 May 2021 in Stress Testing the USA
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This chapter details the sequence of events that led up the explosion in the Gulf on April 20, 2010, and the subsequent massive oil spill. This chapter explores three structural factors that both led up to and were revealed by the explosion: tough oil, cost cutting corporations, and regulatory capture in an era of limited government.

ACS Style

John Rennie Short. The Gulf Oil Spill and the Costs of Regulatory Capture. Stress Testing the USA 2021, 127 -142.

AMA Style

John Rennie Short. The Gulf Oil Spill and the Costs of Regulatory Capture. Stress Testing the USA. 2021; ():127-142.

Chicago/Turabian Style

John Rennie Short. 2021. "The Gulf Oil Spill and the Costs of Regulatory Capture." Stress Testing the USA , no. : 127-142.

Chapter
Published: 17 May 2021 in Stress Testing the USA
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The financial crash that was in full force in the Fall of 2008 triggered the Great Recession. This chapter explores the deeper reasons behind the crisis. Three in particular are noted: the uncritical promotion of homeownership; the enthronement of finance capitalism in a time of global deregulation; and regulatory capture. The crisis was years in the making as the deregulation of the financial system introduced after the Great Depression led to a relentless financialization of the US economy that saw mortgages as just one financial product. And in a classic example of moral hazard, the costs of the risky behavior of financial institutions was paid by the federal government and the US taxpayer.

ACS Style

John Rennie Short. The Financial Crisis and the Costs of Neoliberalism. Stress Testing the USA 2021, 87 -125.

AMA Style

John Rennie Short. The Financial Crisis and the Costs of Neoliberalism. Stress Testing the USA. 2021; ():87-125.

Chicago/Turabian Style

John Rennie Short. 2021. "The Financial Crisis and the Costs of Neoliberalism." Stress Testing the USA , no. : 87-125.

Chapter
Published: 17 May 2021 in Stress Testing the USA
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The War on Terror was first announced less than a week after the 9/11 attack on the United States. Waging a war is one of the biggest stresses any society can endure, and the stresses of this war tested the United States to the breaking point. The War on Terror was an open-ended and vaguely strategized response that would quickly mire the United States in a fiasco. The conception and implementation of the War on Terror did not just reveal the mistakes of one administration and the failure of sensible leadership to emerge at a time of crisis, though it did that; it also highlighted the fundamental problems of the US Empire.

ACS Style

John Rennie Short. The War on Terror and the Costs of Empire. Stress Testing the USA 2021, 7 -36.

AMA Style

John Rennie Short. The War on Terror and the Costs of Empire. Stress Testing the USA. 2021; ():7-36.

Chicago/Turabian Style

John Rennie Short. 2021. "The War on Terror and the Costs of Empire." Stress Testing the USA , no. : 7-36.

Review
Published: 17 March 2021 in Sustainability
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Pandemics have shaped the way cities are planned and configured. Throughout history, cities have evolved to solve problems of sanitation, hygiene, and health access while providing space and opportunities for the urban dwellers. COVID-19 will have significant implications in the way cities are planned. This recent crisis highlights a number of issues. This paper looks at the context for the pandemic and then reviews studies and debates in four areas: transformations in the configuration of public spaces, transportation, urban connectivities, and urban economies. This pandemic, like other similar episodes in the past, is forcing us to rethink the nature of urban space and may be an opportunity to plan for safer, more sustainable cities.

ACS Style

Lina Martínez; John Short. The Pandemic City: Urban Issues in the Time of COVID-19. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3295 .

AMA Style

Lina Martínez, John Short. The Pandemic City: Urban Issues in the Time of COVID-19. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (6):3295.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lina Martínez; John Short. 2021. "The Pandemic City: Urban Issues in the Time of COVID-19." Sustainability 13, no. 6: 3295.

Research article
Published: 19 October 2020 in Geographical Review
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Building on the work of critical toponymy, this paper provides an example of the active contestation of a place name. Since the early 1990s, successive Korean governments have argued that the singular use of “Sea of Japan” is a colonial legacy. We provide a brief historical context for this dispute. We identify the array of names currently used in newspapers, journals, educational texts, and internet sites and show that a dual naming is now a more common usage, especially in international English-language newspapers, atlases, educational textbooks and internet materials. A colonial naming practice has been challenged.

ACS Style

John Rennie Short; Leah Dubots. CONTESTING PLACE NAMES: THE EAST SEA/SEA OF JAPAN NAMING ISSUE. Geographical Review 2020, 1 -20.

AMA Style

John Rennie Short, Leah Dubots. CONTESTING PLACE NAMES: THE EAST SEA/SEA OF JAPAN NAMING ISSUE. Geographical Review. 2020; ():1-20.

Chicago/Turabian Style

John Rennie Short; Leah Dubots. 2020. "CONTESTING PLACE NAMES: THE EAST SEA/SEA OF JAPAN NAMING ISSUE." Geographical Review , no. : 1-20.

Article
Published: 17 January 2020 in Geography Compass
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This article explores the implications of a growing middle‐income population on the cities of the global South. The emergence of this group, situated between the poor and the very rich, long the standard binary categorization of understanding the global urban South, has important implications for physical reconfigurations and changing social structures. We discuss the reasons behind the rise of this middle‐income category, note some of its characteristics and review its urban impacts. We focus on just three themes: new consumption patterns, housing markets and, urban politics. We contribute to broader theories of global urbanism by highlighting how an expanding middle‐income‐class are shaping and configuring a new urban realm in the global South.

ACS Style

John Rennie Short; Lina Martínez. The urban effects of the emerging middle class in the global south. Geography Compass 2020, 14, 1 .

AMA Style

John Rennie Short, Lina Martínez. The urban effects of the emerging middle class in the global south. Geography Compass. 2020; 14 (4):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

John Rennie Short; Lina Martínez. 2020. "The urban effects of the emerging middle class in the global south." Geography Compass 14, no. 4: 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2019 in Social Sciences
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There are now a wide variety of global indicators that measure different economic, political and social attributes of countries in the world. This paper seeks to answer two questions. First, what is the degree of overlap between these different measures? Are they, in fact, measuring the same underlying dimension? To answer this question, we employ a principal component analysis (PCA) to 15 indices across 145 countries. The results demonstrate that there is one underlying dimension that combines economic development and social progress with state stability. Second, how do countries score on this dimension? The results of the PCA allow us to produce categorical divisions of the world. The threefold division identifies a world composed of what we describe and map as rich, poor and middle countries. A five-group classification provided a more nuanced categorization described as: The very rich, free and stable; affluent and free; upper middle; lower middle; poor and not free.

ACS Style

John Rennie Short; Justin Vélez-Hagan; Leah Dubots. What Do Global Metrics Tell Us about the World? Social Sciences 2019, 8, 136 .

AMA Style

John Rennie Short, Justin Vélez-Hagan, Leah Dubots. What Do Global Metrics Tell Us about the World? Social Sciences. 2019; 8 (5):136.

Chicago/Turabian Style

John Rennie Short; Justin Vélez-Hagan; Leah Dubots. 2019. "What Do Global Metrics Tell Us about the World?" Social Sciences 8, no. 5: 136.

Journal article
Published: 02 January 2019 in The AAG Review of Books
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John Rennie Short. Hydraulic City: Water & the Infrastructures of Citizenship in Mumbai. The AAG Review of Books 2019, 7, 26 -26.

AMA Style

John Rennie Short. Hydraulic City: Water & the Infrastructures of Citizenship in Mumbai. The AAG Review of Books. 2019; 7 (1):26-26.

Chicago/Turabian Style

John Rennie Short. 2019. "Hydraulic City: Water & the Infrastructures of Citizenship in Mumbai." The AAG Review of Books 7, no. 1: 26-26.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2018 in Cities
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Lina Martinez; John Rennie Short; Daniela Estrada. The diversity of the street vending: A case study of street vending in Cali. Cities 2018, 79, 18 -25.

AMA Style

Lina Martinez, John Rennie Short, Daniela Estrada. The diversity of the street vending: A case study of street vending in Cali. Cities. 2018; 79 ():18-25.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lina Martinez; John Rennie Short; Daniela Estrada. 2018. "The diversity of the street vending: A case study of street vending in Cali." Cities 79, no. : 18-25.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2017 in Cities
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Lina Martinez; John Rennie Short; Daniela Estrada. The urban informal economy: Street vendors in Cali, Colombia. Cities 2017, 66, 34 -43.

AMA Style

Lina Martinez, John Rennie Short, Daniela Estrada. The urban informal economy: Street vendors in Cali, Colombia. Cities. 2017; 66 ():34-43.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lina Martinez; John Rennie Short; Daniela Estrada. 2017. "The urban informal economy: Street vendors in Cali, Colombia." Cities 66, no. : 34-43.

Research article
Published: 26 November 2015 in Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy
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This case study explores electric grid failure in the aftermath of a major storm. The thick description of the event highlights broader issues of climate change, the changing regulatory regime of electricity provision, and urban network vulnerability. The reaction to the storm forced a shift in the regulatory regime from one that stressed cost reductions and return on investment to one that also encompassed issues of grid resiliency and service reliability.

ACS Style

John Rennie Short. A perfect storm: climate change, the power grid, and regulatory regime change after network failure. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 2015, 34, 244 -261.

AMA Style

John Rennie Short. A perfect storm: climate change, the power grid, and regulatory regime change after network failure. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy. 2015; 34 (2):244-261.

Chicago/Turabian Style

John Rennie Short. 2015. "A perfect storm: climate change, the power grid, and regulatory regime change after network failure." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 34, no. 2: 244-261.

Original articles
Published: 02 January 2014 in Territory, Politics, Governance
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In 2013, the US Supreme Court overturned key elements of the Voting Rights Act relating to the racial geography of the USA and relations between federal and state government. The historical background to the Act and its role in changing the political geography of voting are explored. A detailed analysis of the ruling, Shelby v. Holder, reveals competing national imaginaries. The Court's majority view saw a cohesive nation where past assumptions of the racist geographies of the USA centered on the ‘Deep South’ no longer hold true. The Court's minority view, saw a nation still deeply divided and subject to second-generation discriminatory practices. The contradictions of both are discussed. The resiliency of the Act and the implications of the ruling are examined.

ACS Style

John Rennie Short. The Supreme Court, the Voting Rights Act and Competing National Imaginaries of the USA. Territory, Politics, Governance 2014, 2, 94 -108.

AMA Style

John Rennie Short. The Supreme Court, the Voting Rights Act and Competing National Imaginaries of the USA. Territory, Politics, Governance. 2014; 2 (1):94-108.

Chicago/Turabian Style

John Rennie Short. 2014. "The Supreme Court, the Voting Rights Act and Competing National Imaginaries of the USA." Territory, Politics, Governance 2, no. 1: 94-108.

Articles
Published: 08 March 2013 in The Professional Geographer
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The revalorization of the U.S. metropolis and restructuring of the U.S. economy are leading to increasingly complex patterns of population growth and decline. In this article we provide an empirical context for understanding the embodied nature of these changes by analyzing the long-term, demographic changes for the 100 largest cities. In terms of population change we identify four model urban types: steady decline, continuous increase, growth interrupted, and slowly resurgent. We consider, in detail, cities where population decline has halted and others where there are indications of population resurgence. The article focuses on these resurgent cities, provides some causal explanations, discusses the role of gentrification, and explores policy implications.

ACS Style

John Rennie Short; Michael Mussman. Population Change in U.S. Cities: Estimating and Explaining the Extent of Decline and Level of Resurgence. The Professional Geographer 2013, 66, 112 -123.

AMA Style

John Rennie Short, Michael Mussman. Population Change in U.S. Cities: Estimating and Explaining the Extent of Decline and Level of Resurgence. The Professional Geographer. 2013; 66 (1):112-123.

Chicago/Turabian Style

John Rennie Short; Michael Mussman. 2013. "Population Change in U.S. Cities: Estimating and Explaining the Extent of Decline and Level of Resurgence." The Professional Geographer 66, no. 1: 112-123.

Monograph
Published: 01 March 2013 in Globalization, Modernity and the City
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John Rennie Short. Globalization, Modernity and the City. Globalization, Modernity and the City 2013, 1 .

AMA Style

John Rennie Short. Globalization, Modernity and the City. Globalization, Modernity and the City. 2013; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

John Rennie Short. 2013. "Globalization, Modernity and the City." Globalization, Modernity and the City , no. : 1.

Book chapter
Published: 15 May 2012 in The New Blackwell Companion to the City
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This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Population Change in Megalopolis Environmental Impacts Economic Restructuring in Megalopolis The Revalorization of Megalopolis Megalopolis as Political Entity Megalopolis Revisited References

ACS Style

John Rennie Short. The Liquid City of Megalopolis. The New Blackwell Companion to the City 2012, 26 -37.

AMA Style

John Rennie Short. The Liquid City of Megalopolis. The New Blackwell Companion to the City. 2012; ():26-37.

Chicago/Turabian Style

John Rennie Short. 2012. "The Liquid City of Megalopolis." The New Blackwell Companion to the City , no. : 26-37.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2012 in Annals of the Association of American Geographers
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This article contributes to theories of the postcolonial city. The town of Alice Springs/Mparntwe is situated in the middle of Australia. Its shift from colonial control center to postcolonial city involves four interrelated processes: land rights negotiations, residential segregation, the use and regulation of public space, and the development of a cultural-creative economy based on “Aboriginal” art. Continuances and ruptures of the postcolonial city are highlighted by exploring the paradox of cultural prominence and economic importance of Aboriginal art with the continuing residential marginalization of many Aboriginal inhabitants. The city resonates with the tensions between the postcolonialism of new national imaginaries and the continuing colonialism expressed and embodied in the commodification of “Aboriginal” art.

ACS Style

John Rennie Short. Representing Country in the Creative Postcolonial City. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 2012, 102, 129 -150.

AMA Style

John Rennie Short. Representing Country in the Creative Postcolonial City. Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 2012; 102 (1):129-150.

Chicago/Turabian Style

John Rennie Short. 2012. "Representing Country in the Creative Postcolonial City." Annals of the Association of American Geographers 102, no. 1: 129-150.