Human health hazards appear in wine production. Wineries have implemented food safety management systems to control food hazards through Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP). Wine-making industry applies HACCP by evaluating Critical Control Points (CCPs). One of the CCPs that exhibits inadequate control is the potential contamination risk of arsenic, cadmium, and lead throughout the winemaking procedure. Wineries performance level about controlling CCPs related to contamination risk by arsenic, cadmium and lead in the winemaking were analyzed. A sixteen-question questionnaire was made to achieve this research. Three indicators were calculated for training, legislation, and analysis performance components in CCPs control. Results revealed that wineries fault in analysis and legislation components. Identification and updating of legislation about As, Cd and Pb contamination risk is in starting performance level for wineries that produce less than 250,000 L/year wineries. Analysis performance level is even lower than legislation. Only one out of every three wineries possess information regarding the concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, and lead in the soils of vineyards where grapes are cultivated. Furthermore, the availability of data on their available concentrations in the soil solution is even more limited. Those wineries that controlled As, Cd and Pb concentrations make it according to official recommendations using techniques based on atomic absorption spectrometry. However, there is a lack of this spectrometry equipment in the wineries own laboratories.

This paper evaluates the feasibility of integrating interstitial woody plantings into north–south axis solar-tracking photovoltaic (PV) systems in Spain to enhance landscape integration while minimizing shading. A computational model based on a typical PV plant geometry (13.5 m row spacing and 2.42 m rotation axis height) is developed to simulate tree canopy interactions. Focusing on an intermediate “limiting plane” set at 23° from the panels’ lower edge, the model calculates shade duration and coverage under varying sun elevations throughout the year. Trees with a crown diameter of 1.2 m and a total height of 3.04 m, spaced 4 m apart, cast shadows for approximately 46 min each morning and afternoon, resulting in an average 3.3% panel occlusion and a peak shadow intensity of 33.6% on specific days, declining to 32% after one month. Shading intensity remains modest during early morning and late afternoon hours, when solar irradiance is lower, further reducing potential energy losses. The crowns’ diffuse nature mitigates shadow effects. The findings suggest that medium-height tree plantings can provide ecological, aesthetic, and social benefits while incurring minimal impact on energy yield in agrivoltaic systems. The study underscores the importance of selecting planting height and spacing according to solar path and tracker geometry. Future research should validate the model under operational conditions and evaluate the dual benefits for renewable energy output and plant growth.