This research aimed to prepare for spatial hydrological modeling using the Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) by integrating different spatial technologies to study the Beht catchment area, which covers 4560 km2 and also has a perimeter of 414 km. Firstly, the approach was to extract...

Mosques are central to Islamic societies, serving not only as places of worship but also as centers for education and community activities. In urban areas like Fez, Morocco, selecting appropriate sites for mosque construction is crucial to ensure accessibility and promote spatial equity. However, current urban planning processes in Fez often lack a systematic framework that integrates technical and ecological constraints, which frequently leads to site selections that are vulnerable to natural risks or difficult for worshippers to access. This study develops a methodology integrating Geographic Information Systems (GIS), the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) to identify optimal locations for ecologically resilient mosque site selection. By analyzing spatial and ecological criteria derived from literature and expert input, this study evaluates the suitability of 6 existing sites designated in urban plans and proposes 4 new optimal locations. The findings indicate that the suitability model is primarily dominated by technical requirements, notably geotechnical characteristics (AHP weight 0.15) and hydrological conditions (AHP weight 0.12). The results contribute to sustainable urban planning by facilitating the reduction of the environmental impact and construction risks through optimized site placement, ensuring that mosques can fulfill their community roles safely and effectively.

Identifying suitable local materials for civil engineering is a key challenge for geotechnical engineers. This study characterises the physico-mechanical properties of Taza marl-limestone (Morocco), focusing on the correlation between uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and non-destructive tests. Twenty-eight samples from various sites underwent physical, mineralogical and mechanical tests. UCS showed a strong positive correlation with P-wave velocity, Vp (R² = 0.95; internal leave-one-out cross-validated Q² = 0.94, RMSE = 2.8 MPa) and a moderate correlation with Schmidt rebound hardness (R² = 0.79; Q² = 0.75, RMSE = 5.6 MPa). Eleven published UCS–Vp equations gave much larger errors on the same specimens (RMSE ≥ 11 MPa), partly because the Taza data lie outside their calibration ranges; they therefore cannot be transferred to this material without recalibration. The average CaCO₃ content is 75.07%. Degradability and fragmentability tests classified the samples, informing long-term behaviour under mechanical and hydric stress. Within the calibrated ranges, these site-specific correlations enable a preliminary non-destructive evaluation of intact Taza marl-limestone and may support local-material use and field-investigation optimisation. However, predictive performance was only internally cross-validated, and the specimens could not be traced to individual outcrops; independent validation (new specimens, other locations, field and moisture conditions) is therefore required before wider use.