Unmodified Ti6Al4V can osseointegrate, but sometimes this capacity needs to be improved. This study aimed to see how much porosity improves osseointegration in a Ti6Al4V implant. Three types of Ti6Al4V cylindrical-shaped implants (13.00 mm length × 5.00 mm diameter) were evaluated: solid sandblasted acid-etched, sintered, and porous 3D-printed (681.00 µm average pore size). Fifteen 20-week-old nullipara female parasite-free New Zealand California white rabbits were used, employing the femoral condyle defect model and undertaking µ-CT analysis and pull-out testing eight weeks later. On µ-CT densitometric analysis, the solid sandblasted rod showed the highest new bone growth around the implant. Bone growth was higher inside the implants for the porous 3D-printed (54.00 ± 5.00 mm³) than for the sintered (1.00 ± 0.05 mm³) and zero for the sandblasted implants. In the pull-out test, there were no statistically significant differences in the ANOVA analysis between the sintered (900.00 N ± 310.00 N) and porous 3D-printed (700.00 N ± 220.00 N) implants. Such differences did exist between the sandblasted material (220.00 N ± 50.00 N) and the two other materials (sintered p 0.002, porous p 0.034). The porous 3D-printed and sintered implant pull-out strength were significantly better than that of the solid rod sandblasted implant. Still, there were no statistically significant differences between the first two.

Background/Objectives: Orthopaedic infections associated with implant surgery remain a major public health concern, often caused by bacterial colonization of implant surfaces. Staphylococcus epidermidis is among the most common pathogens involved. Developing antimicrobial bone implants that prevent infection without compromising bone regeneration is therefore essential. This study investigates the antimicrobial and osteointegrative performance of calcium phosphate (CaP) materials functionalized with vanillin, an essential oil component with known antimicrobial properties. Methods: Commercial CaP regenerative materials were covalently coated with vanillin. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A using viability assays. In vivo osseointegration was assessed in New Zealand female rabbits implanted with vanillin-coated and uncoated CaP scaffolds. Results: Vanillin-functionalized CaP scaffolds exhibited strong bactericidal activity at 24 h and bacteriostatic effects at 48 h at a concentration of 10 mg/mL. In vivo analyses showed no significant differences in osseointegration between vanillin-coated implants and control CaP materials. Conclusions: Vanillin-functionalized CaP materials maintain a high safety profile without impairing bone integration, supporting their potential use in clinical applications.