According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report, the amount of precipitation in South Korea would increase regardless of the reduction of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. However, at the same time, it is expected that the temporal and spatial rainfall variation would also increase. Due to the impact from typhoons, 90% of the annual precipitation in Korea occurs in July, August, and September. Moreover, the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenario projected that the average precipitation in this period is expected to increase markedly, especially over the next 100 years. These predictions imply an increased variability of available water resources. In this study, we assessed a RBSN (rain barrel sharing network) as an efficient way to respond to the future climate change projections under the RCP scenarios when compared to the historical data. We proposed an evaluation procedure for the reliability, resilience, and vulnerability of RBSN based on a storage-reliability-yield (SRY) relationship. The result shows that the reliability and resiliency of a RBSN will improve but be more vulnerable compared to the results from the historical rainfall data. However, even in the climate change condition, the results showed that a RBSN still contributes to reduce vulnerability. The results of this study imply that a RBSN is an effective and alternative measure that can deal with the impacts of climate change in the future.

This study introduces the profile method as a simple and less expensive approach for estimating the surface energy balance of green roofs, addressing the limitations of costly monitoring systems based on measurements at two vertical points. Four separate experiment buildings were constructed to minimize temperature disturbances: concrete, highly reflective painted, short bamboo, and grass-roofed. This setup allowed the evaluation of the thermal performance of each roof type without interference from connected building structures. The flux profile method was used to estimate sensible and latent heat fluxes using temperature, atmospheric pressure, and wind speed measurements at two elevations and demonstrated its potential applicability. The results showed that the sensible heat flux was highest (103.81 W/m²) for the concrete roof and that the latent heat flux was highest (53.28 W/m²) for the short bamboo roof. These results indicated the reliability of the method in estimating fluxes across all roof types, where the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency was 0.90 on average. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis showed that the optimal values of albedo and surface roughness for each roof type were within reasonable physical ranges, providing additional validation for the flux profile method. The surface energy balance analysis of green roofs indicates that the profile method could serve as an effective tool for quantitatively evaluating the advantages of green roofs, especially in reducing urban heat island effects and lowering building energy consumption.

Recently, interested in LID and GI has been increasing for sustainable development. Rain water harvesting system is commonly used in various type as a form of low impact development. This study introduces a rain barrel sharing network, which is a connected system through water-sharing among individual RWHS users. In this study, we developed an evaluation procedure for the reliability, resiliency, and vulnerability of a RBSN based on a SRY relationship. The preliminary result shows that reliability and vulnerability increased with all the users connected. However, resiliency is degraded as the degree of sharing increases. Based on this, we analyzed the benefit from a RBSN with 73 observing data and RCP scenarios in South Korea and investigated the regional characteristics of benefits from the RBSN. The potential benefit from a RBSN implies the important role of social practices under water scarcity and extreme hydrologic events with climate change.