The extract of Scenedesmus deserticola JD052 has been reported to exhibit anti-aging effects on the skin, with research indicating an increase in loliolide, a major active component, through heterotrophic cultivation. In this study, we evaluated the effects of extracts obtained from both photoautotrophic (PE) and heterotrophic (HE) cultures on hair-inductive properties in human dermal papilla (HDP) cells. Biochemical assays demonstrated that both extracts enhanced HDP cell viability and increased the size of three-dimensional dermal papilla (DP) spheres. Notably, the activation of β-catenin, a crucial marker associated with hair growth, was assessed using a luciferase reporter assay, revealing that HE exhibited a significantly higher efficacy than PE. Further analyses indicated that HE promoted the translocation of β-catenin into the nucleus through the phosphorylation and activation of AKT, which also elevated the expression levels of DP signature genes and hair-growth-related autocrine factors. Additionally, conditioned media from HE-treated HDP cells enhanced keratinocyte migration and increased the expression of growth factors, including VEGF and IGF-1. HPLC-MS analysis showed no significant difference in loliolide content; however, specific peaks in HE were identified as pheophorbide A and linolelaidic acid. Thus, HE may enhance hair growth inductivity via AKT/β-catenin signaling.