This study presents a practical framework for implementing blockchain technology, specifically smart contracts, to optimise operations and enhance financial performance in the Consumer Packaged Goods (CPG) sector. It identifies best practices for operational efficiency and outlines the structural flow and challenges of implementing smart contracts in a small-scale CPG company. While blockchain is often associated with cryptocurrency, its value lies in enhancing core business processes such as vendor selection, procurement and legal compliance monitoring. The framework integrates blockchain-enabled smart contracts with project management lifecycle updates to streamline operations, enhance cash flow and reduce the Cost of Goods Sold (COGS). It highlights how procurement processes, legal requirements and vendor management can be streamlined through smart contracts, providing transparency, reducing delays and ensuring regulatory compliance. Blockchain is a decentralised database, and its applications span procurement, production processes and inventory management. However, leveraging blockchain effectively requires smart contracts. Integrating these contracts with project management tools ensures efficient operations and measurable financial metrics. This interdisciplinary approach combines technology, business law and project management to deliver actionable insights. The study highlights how modest operational efficiencies can drive profitability in low-margin industries, such as CPG, and establishes a foundation for future implementation studies across other sectors.

In this paper, we investigate the relationship between spot and futures contracts in the context of spot prices being higher than futures (backwardation). We focus on the persistence in stickiness during backwardation periods by covering major agricultural commodities (corn, oats, soybeans, soybean oil, wheat, and hard red wheat). The period of investigation, January 2000–August 2022, comprises many subperiods, including the pre-2008 global financial crisis, the global financial crisis, the single event of 2014, and the post-2014 stability and growth in world trade. We find the presence of price backwardation and its stickiness for corn and wheat, with the most significant determinants being convenience yield and interest risk.