This study explores the concept of hybridity in architecture, shaped by cultural exchange, globalization, and evolving socio-political contexts. In this research, hybridity in architecture is defined as a dynamic process that emerges within boundary spaces, where physical elements interact with evolving cultural, social, and political forces, resulting in adaptable and multilayered architectural environments. Despite the significance of hybridity in architecture, existing research lacks a comprehensive and systematic framework for its analysis. To bridge this gap, the study develops a conceptual framework that integrates archival research, literature synthesis, and an architectural analysis. The methodology combines a qualitative analysis of historical documents and design drawings to identify eight key indicators of hybridity—form, typology, program, mixed-use, multi-layering, user mixing, border spaces, and control/resistance—and applies them to a case study of the University of Baghdad. These indicators embody the interaction between the static and kinetic aspects of hybridity. The Static Aspect refers to the tangible outcomes of hybridity—such as mixed forms and functions—that materialize in built structures. In contrast, the Kinetic Aspect reflects the intangible dimensions, including ongoing social and cultural dynamics and shifts in power relations, which continuously reshape these hybrid forms. Together, these aspects illustrate that hybridity is both a product and a process, where material expressions emerge from social negotiations and, in turn, influence future adaptations. The findings reveal that the hybrid architecture evolves through complex interactions among historical references, contemporary needs, and socio-political forces. By establishing a systematic methodology for analyzing hybridity, this study bridges theoretical discourse with practical applications, providing architects and researchers with a robust analytical tool to assess hybrid architectural spaces within culturally diverse contexts. It also reinforces the understanding of hybridity as a dynamic force—one that not only results in physical architectural expressions but also evolves through ongoing cultural, social, and political interactions.

Adaptive reuse is a common formula for reliving life in spaces that are no longer used for their original function, whether through physical adjustments or by incorporating virtual environments into space to Create hybrid spaces with a new dimension in which the data of memory, culture and space identity interact. Although the trends of the studies vary in their approach to deal with the concept of adapting architectural spaces, they remain in the same theme that the process of space adaptation is seen to be based on either one or the other, Oblivious to the fact that the process of building adaptation generates tension and creates hybrid spaces which belong to neither. Thus, the studies that focused on this subject does not reach the creation of a clear and specific theoretical framework for adapting architecture to changing cultural and social requirements and desires. This research attempts to examine the possibility of investing the concept of hybrid to consider different dimensions of architectural adaptation. The relevance of hybridity theory to understanding architectural adaptation is a subject that has hardly been explored. An objective of this research is to investigate this research gap represented of absence of specialized studies help to understand the relationship between the concept of hybrid and architectural adaptation and lack of the proposed concepts that accommodate new patterns of adaptation to preserve more than one characteristic (perhaps in conflict) within the original space. In light of this, the research problem is represented in the absence of a clear and comprehensive theoretical framework that enables the identification of forms of adaptation that respond to changing cultural and social requirements and desires. Hence, this research seeks to combine Bhabha's concept of hybrids and adaptation of architecture to build a clear and comprehensive perception of this concept, by using architectural studies that dealt with these subjects.