Introducción: El estudio de las actitudes hacia la homosexualidad y homoparentalidad ha empleado múltiples mecanismos para recolectar y analizar datos cuantitativos y cualitativos. En este artículo, se analizan los comentarios en redes sociales públicas que se suscitaron ante el estreno y la polémica alrededor de la escena de un beso entre dos mujeres en la película ‘Lightyear’ estrenada en 2022. El objetivo de este artículo fue identificar las actitudes y argumentos que las personas proveen para estar a favor o en contra de la homosexualidad y la homoparentalidad. Metodología: Se identificaron los medios de comunicación digitales y escritos en Ecuador que publicaron noticias alrededor de la película. Una vez identificadas las noticias, se extrajo una muestra de 707 comentarios y se procedió a realizar un análisis de contenido. Resultados: 335 comentarios fueron en contra, 23 a favor. Se identificaron 7 temas: resguardo a la infancia, aspectos sociales, imposición y adoctrinamiento, doble moral, argumentos religiosos, ambigüedad actitudinal, y reproducción biológica y naturaleza. Los argumentos revelan una alta preocupación por el bienestar de los niños que se relacionan con creencias relativas al origen de la orientación sexual, el rol de los adultos de cuidar a los niños contra lo que se considera anormal, así como el papel de las familias de filtrar el contenido que sus hijos deben ver. Discusión y conclusiones: Existe rechazo hacia la homosexualidad y la homoparentalidad que se fundamenta en visiones negativas de la diversidad sexual y familiar, teorías socialmente difundidas sobre la orientación sexual, el rol de la familia y el desarrollo de los niños.

Introducción: La obesidad infanto-juvenil representa una preocupante epidemia global, impulsada por la inactividad física, estilos de vida sedentarios e inadecuados hábitos alimentarios. Objetivo: analizar la efectividad de las intervenciones centradas en la actividad física y la nutrición en la prevención y tratamiento de la obesidad infantil y adolescente. Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda de estudios científicos publicados hasta el mes de enero de 2025 utilizando las bases de datos PubMed, Web of Science y Scopus. Las palabras claves utilizadas fueron: Children OR Adolescent AND Obesity AND Exercise AND Nutrition AND Prevention. Fueron incluidos todos los artículos que evaluaron el efecto de intervenciones con ejercicio y nutrición centrados en la prevención de la obesidad en niños y adolescentes. La estrategia de búsqueda arrojó 491 estudios de los cuales 8 cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad. Resultados: Se evidencia que la mayoría de los jóvenes no cumplen con la recomendación de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) de 60 minutos diarios de actividad física moderada a vigorosa, lo que se relaciona directamente con el sedentarismo y el uso excesivo de pantallas, factores que contribuyen a la prevalencia creciente de obesidad. Intervenciones que combinan educación nutricional, aumento de la actividad física y reducción del tiempo de pantalla muestran eficacia, aunque los programas actuales a menudo carecen de sostenibilidad a largo plazo. Conclusión: Se precisa de enfoques integrales y sostenidos que involucren a escuelas, familias y comunidades dentro de un modelo de educación para la salud. De esta manera, abordar el sobrepeso y obesidad como un problema de salud pública, requiere de un enfoque multifacético que incluya mejoras en la nutrición, aumento de la actividad física y educación para la reducción de comportamientos sedentarios.

Background/Purpose: To our knowledge, no previous study has analyzed the associations between self-efficacy and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) in adolescents, nor have sex-based differences in this relationship been examined. The aim of the current study was to examine the relationship between self-efficacy and MedDiet adherence in Spanish adolescents. Methods: This research was cross-sectional and involved 619 adolescents (56.5% girls) who were part of the Eating Habits and Activities of Daily Living (EHDLA) project. Self-efficacy was assessed using a 10-item scale (general self-efficacy scale), which yielded scores ranging from 20 to 100 points. The Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for Children and Adolescents (KIDMED), which consists of a 16-item questionnaire with scores ranging from −4 to 12, was used to evaluate adherence to the MedDiet. Unhealthy behaviors related to the MedDiet were assigned a score of −1, whereas healthy behaviors received a score of +1. Results: Overall, for each 20-point increase in self-efficacy, boys had a greater non-significant likelihood of having optimal MedDiet adherence (1.33%, 95% confidence interval [CI] −5.15 to 7.82, p = 0.687). Conversely, girls had a greater significant likelihood of having optimal MedDiet adherence per further point in self-efficacy (7.40%, 95% CI 2.28 to 12.53, p = 0.005). Individually, among boys, a 20-point increase in self-efficacy was associated with a 4.8% higher probability of having a dairy product for breakfast (95% CI 0.2 to 9.4, p = 0.042). Among girls, the same increase in self-efficacy was linked to a greater probability of consuming fruit or fruit juice daily (6.8%, 95% CI 2.2 to 11.4, p = 0.004), eating a second fruit every day (8.6%, 95% CI 3.4 to 13.8, p = 0.001), consuming fish regularly (6.2%, 95% CI 1.1 to 11.2, p = 0.017), enjoying pulses and eating them more than once a week (4.5%, 95% CI 0.3 to 8.8, p = 0.035), having cereals or grains for breakfast (5.4%, 95% CI 0.4 to 10.5, p = 0.035), and regularly consuming nuts (5.2%, 95% CI 0.2 to 10.2, p = 0.041). Additionally, increases in self-efficacy was associated with a 5.0% lower probability of skipping breakfast (95% CI −8.8 to −1.1, p = 0.012). Conclusions: Our results revealed a significant association between self-efficacy and MedDiet adherence among girls, whereas the relationship between self-efficacy and the MedDiet in boys was not significant. These results suggest that interventions aimed at improving adolescent dietary patterns should consider incorporating strategies to increase self-efficacy, potentially with sex-specific approaches.

Introduction: Childhood and adolescent obesity represents a concerning global epidemic, driven by physical inactivity, sedentary lifestyles, and inadequate eating habits. Objective: To analyse the effectiveness of interventions focusing on physical activity and nutrition in the prevention and treatment of childhood and adolescent obesity. Methodology: A search for scientific studies published up to January 2025 was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. The keywords used were: Children OR Adolescent AND Obesity AND Exercise AND Nutrition AND Prevention. All articles that evaluated the effect of exercise and nutrition interventions focused on obesity prevention in children and adolescents were included. The search strategy yielded 491 studies, of which 8 met the eligibility criteria. Results: Evidence shows that most young people do not meet the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation of 60 minutes of daily moderate to vigorous physical activity, which is directly related to sedentary behavior and excessive screen time, factors that contribute to the increasing prevalence of obesity. Interventions that combine nutritional education, increased physical activity, and reduced screen time show efficacy, although current programs often lack long-term sustainability. Conclusion: Comprehensive and sustained approaches involving schools, families, and communities within a health education model are needed. Thus, addressing overweight and obesity as a public health problem requires a multifaceted approach that includes improvements in nutrition, increased physical activity, and education to reduce sedentary behaviors.

Background: This study aimed to determine the proportion of Ecuadorian preschool children meeting the World Health Organization (WHO) 24‐hour movement behaviour guidelines for physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep, to examine differences by sex and geographic location and to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the International Study of Movement Behaviours in the Early Years (SUNRISE) protocol. Methods: In this pilot study, a total of 108 children aged 3–4 years from kindergartens in Quito (Ecuador) participated in 2024. Physical activity, sleep and sedentary behaviour were evaluated using accelerometry ( ActiGraph wGT3x‐BT ). Gross and fine motor skills were evaluated using validated tasks, and executive functions were assessed via the Early Years Toolbox. Results: Only 11.8% of children met all three WHO recommendations of 24‐hour movement behaviours, while 16.1% did not meet any. Boys showed higher compliance with the physical activity guidelines compared to girls, and urban children demonstrated slightly better adherence to the screen time guideline. A total of 100% of participants completed anthropometric, executive function and motor skill assessments, respectively. Additionally, 86.1% of children provided at least one valid day of accelerometer data, and 75.9% accumulated three or more valid days, supporting the feasibility and acceptability of the SUNRISE study protocol in this population. Conclusion: This pilot study demonstrated the feasibility and acceptability of the SUNRISE study methods among Ecuadorian children. Given the low proportion of children meeting the WHO movement guidelines, long‐term strategies are needed to promote healthier lifestyles from early childhood in Ecuador.

Background Academic performance in adolescence is a key predictor of future educational, occupational, and health outcomes. While social networks (SNs) and messaging apps are increasingly integrated into adolescent´s daily lives, their impact on academic achievement remains debated. This study aimed to evaluate associations between the use of SN, messaging apps, addictive behaviors, and academic performance in Spanish adolescents. Materials and methods A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the Eating Healthy and Daily Life Activities (EHDLA) study, which included 583 adolescents aged 12–17 years from three secondary schools in Valle de Ricote , Spain, during the 2021–2022 academic year. SNs and messaging app use were assessed via a self-report scale. Addictive behaviors were measured using the Short Social Networks Addiction Scale-6 Symptoms (SNAddS-6S). Academic performance was evaluated using grade point average (GPA) and subject-specific grades obtained from school records. Associations were analyzed using generalized linear models adjusted for important covariates. Results The median age of participants was 14 years, with 57% female. TikTok and WhatsApp were the most frequently used platforms. No statistically significant association was found between the overall use of SNs and GPA. However, higher levels of addictive behaviors related to SN use were significantly associated with lower academic performance (B = − 0.15, 95% CI: − 0.26 to − 0.03, p = 0.014). Conclusions Our findings show a relationship between the use of SNs and GAP, however, this was not significant. On the contrary, we found a significant relationship between addictive behaviors related to SNs and GAP. These findings suggest the need for educational interventions that promote mindful technology use while preserving the benefits of digital connectivity.