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The significant increase in vegetation coverage in northern China over the past two decades has attracted worldwide attention. Revegetation has been completed via artificial and natural restoration techniques, and the relative performance of each needs to be further explored. Although some studies have focused on the comparison between artificial and natural methods in vegetation restoration from a micro-perspective, there is a lack of evidence at the regional scale. This study considers Wuqi county and its adjacent areas of the Loess Plateau in northern China as the study area. First, natural and artificial restoration areas were identified. Then, the restoration sustainability of different restoration strategies and the adjustment effect of climate factors in the relationship between vegetation restoration strategy choice and vegetation restoration sustainability were analyzed. We found that the vegetation restoration strategies employed varied between local jurisdictions. In areas dominated by artificial restoration, vegetation coverage increased over a short period, but the growth rate diminished in the long term. In comparison, in areas mainly dominated by natural restoration, although the growth rate of revegetation was not very high in the short term, it was stable in the long term. In addition, the impact of vegetation restoration strategies on vegetation restoration sustainability exhibited spatial heterogeneity, and the temperature, humidity, and wind speed further affected strategy outcomes. This study provides a new perspective for vegetation restoration strategy evaluation and is expected to serve as a reference for the optimization of relevant ecological policies in the future.
Xin Xu; Daojun Zhang. Comparing the long‐term effects of artificial and natural vegetation restoration strategies: A case‐study of Wuqi and its adjacent counties in northern China. Land Degradation & Development 2021, 32, 3930 -3945.
AMA StyleXin Xu, Daojun Zhang. Comparing the long‐term effects of artificial and natural vegetation restoration strategies: A case‐study of Wuqi and its adjacent counties in northern China. Land Degradation & Development. 2021; 32 (14):3930-3945.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXin Xu; Daojun Zhang. 2021. "Comparing the long‐term effects of artificial and natural vegetation restoration strategies: A case‐study of Wuqi and its adjacent counties in northern China." Land Degradation & Development 32, no. 14: 3930-3945.
As a populous country, China has always attached importance to the protection of cultivated land and food security. However, in the process of promoting rural development, agricultural industrial policies introduced by local governments may affect the realization of food security. Although there are many studies paying attention to the influence of agricultural industrial policy on food security, quantitative analyses are lacking. This paper takes the “one village, one product” strategy (OVOP) implemented in the Guanzhong Plain of China as an example. Through remote sensing and GIS technology, the ranges of the non-grain production of cultivated land (NGPOCL) from 2000 to 2018 were extracted for the study area. The regression discontinuity design was used to analyze the impact of the OVOP on the NGPOCL increase using the county as the basic sample. On these bases, food security was analyzed combined with the established evaluation indicators. The results show that 35 of the 47 counties in the Guanzhong Plain owned a significant jump in the NGPOCL area after the implementation of the OVOP, which indicates that the OVOP is an important reason for the NGPOCL expansion; meanwhile, the pressure index of cultivated land increased by 29.53%, which means the OVOP implementation has threatened food security seriously. This study can offer the authorities a clear truth and severity of the negative impacts of industrial policies, and warn them to be more cautious in implementing industrial policies.
Qi Yang; Daojun Zhang. The influence of agricultural industrial policy on non-grain production of cultivated land: A case study of the “one village, one product” strategy implemented in Guanzhong Plain of China. Land Use Policy 2021, 108, 105579 .
AMA StyleQi Yang, Daojun Zhang. The influence of agricultural industrial policy on non-grain production of cultivated land: A case study of the “one village, one product” strategy implemented in Guanzhong Plain of China. Land Use Policy. 2021; 108 ():105579.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQi Yang; Daojun Zhang. 2021. "The influence of agricultural industrial policy on non-grain production of cultivated land: A case study of the “one village, one product” strategy implemented in Guanzhong Plain of China." Land Use Policy 108, no. : 105579.
COVID-19 has caused huge impacts on human health and the economic operation of the world. Analyzing and summarizing the early propagation law can help reduce the losses caused by public health emergencies in the future. Early data on the spread of COVID-19 in 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) of mainland China except for Hubei, Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan were selected in this study. Spatio-temporal analysis, inflection point analysis, and correlation analysis are used to explore the spatio-temporal characteristics in the early COVID-19 spread. The results suggested that (1) the total confirmed cases have risen in an “S”-shaped curve over time, and the daily new cases have first increased and finally decreased; (2) the spatial distributions of both total and daily new cases show a trend of more in the east and less in the west, with a “multi-center agglomeration distribution” around Hubei Province and some major cities; (3) the spatial agglomeration of total confirmed cases has been increasing over time, while that of the daily new cases shows much more obvious in the mid-stage; and (4) timely release of the first-level public health emergency response can accelerate the emergence of the epidemic inflection point. The above analysis results have a specific reference value for the government’s policy-making and measures to face public health emergencies.
Jiachen Ning; Yuhan Chu; Xixi Liu; Daojun Zhang; Jinting Zhang; Wangjun Li; Hui Zhang. Spatio-temporal characteristics and control strategies in the early period of COVID-19 spread: a case study of the mainland China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2021, 1 -14.
AMA StyleJiachen Ning, Yuhan Chu, Xixi Liu, Daojun Zhang, Jinting Zhang, Wangjun Li, Hui Zhang. Spatio-temporal characteristics and control strategies in the early period of COVID-19 spread: a case study of the mainland China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021; ():1-14.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiachen Ning; Yuhan Chu; Xixi Liu; Daojun Zhang; Jinting Zhang; Wangjun Li; Hui Zhang. 2021. "Spatio-temporal characteristics and control strategies in the early period of COVID-19 spread: a case study of the mainland China." Environmental Science and Pollution Research , no. : 1-14.
Climate change has led to an increase in the severity and frequency of extreme weather events, especially droughts. Quantifying the impacts of droughts on vegetation activities is essential to study the effects of climate change on the ecosystem. Using Gross Primary Productivity (GPP), phenological metrics, and Standardized precipitation evaporation index (SPEI) with multi-timescales, we evaluated the divergent responses of vegetation activities to droughts in the Yungui Plateau from 2001 to 2017. Besides, the sensitivity of vegetation to drought was analyzed by the maximum correlation coefficients between vegetation activities and SPEI over the plateau. Results revealed that the overall changes of the start (SOS) and end (EOS) of growing season in the plateau exhibited nonsignificant changes during the study period. Meanwhile, two extreme droughts of the study period caused a tremendous decrease in GPP and severe delays in SOS and EOS. Vegetation activities increased significantly in the eastern plateau because of the strong drought resistance of vegetation. Conversely, the dynamics of vegetation activities, especially phenological metrics, were nonsignificant in the west due to the weak drought resistance of vegetation. Preseason droughts of spring phenology played a key role in determining SOS dynamics. Besides, drought before summer contributed to the delay of EOS, while summer drought leads to early EOS. Hence, preseason droughts of autumn phenology nonlinearly impacted EOS due to strong interaction between SOS and EOS. More importantly, the stronger influences of SOS on annual GPP compared to EOS suggest that preseason droughts of SOS are essential to the vegetation productivity in the plateau. Given that the continuous warming of the climate will lead to more frequent droughts, it is essential to investigate the resilience of vegetation growth to drought in future work.
Wenyan Ge; Jianqiao Han; Daojun Zhang; Fei Wang. Divergent impacts of droughts on vegetation phenology and productivity in the Yungui Plateau, southwest China. Ecological Indicators 2021, 127, 107743 .
AMA StyleWenyan Ge, Jianqiao Han, Daojun Zhang, Fei Wang. Divergent impacts of droughts on vegetation phenology and productivity in the Yungui Plateau, southwest China. Ecological Indicators. 2021; 127 ():107743.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWenyan Ge; Jianqiao Han; Daojun Zhang; Fei Wang. 2021. "Divergent impacts of droughts on vegetation phenology and productivity in the Yungui Plateau, southwest China." Ecological Indicators 127, no. : 107743.
Evaluation from landscape pattern change can comprehensively reflect the impact of ecological policies on the ecosystem service function. However, previous assessments based on landscape patterns only considered land cover type and ignored the quality of vegetation cover, which could hardly reflect regional differences in restoration durability and sustainability. Based on the temporal phase characteristics of the vegetation index, this study proposes the concept of Persistent Green Patches (PGPs). Taking Yan'an, a key area for the implementation of ecological projects in the Loess Plateau, as a study area, the effect of ecological policies was evaluated from the pattern change of PGPs from 2000 to 2017 through Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA). It is found that (1) the area of PGPs was increased from 14.45% to 44.26% in Yan'an since the implementation of the ecological projects; (2) the Grain for Green projects can hardly form a short-term increase of PGPs; while the Natural Forest Protection projects can quickly increase the PGPs area, its effect would tend to be saturated or even decrease in the long term; (3) the fragmentation and connectivity of the landscape show that the ecological projects promote the connection between different green patches, and improves the overall connectivity of the PGPs. This study provides a new perspective on evaluating the effect of ecological projects, which is expected to provide a reference for the future optimization of relevant ecological policies and regional sustainable development.
Xin Xu; Daojun Zhang. Evaluating the effect of ecological policies from the pattern change of persistent green patches–A case study of Yan'an in China's Loess Plateau. Ecological Informatics 2021, 63, 101305 .
AMA StyleXin Xu, Daojun Zhang. Evaluating the effect of ecological policies from the pattern change of persistent green patches–A case study of Yan'an in China's Loess Plateau. Ecological Informatics. 2021; 63 ():101305.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXin Xu; Daojun Zhang. 2021. "Evaluating the effect of ecological policies from the pattern change of persistent green patches–A case study of Yan'an in China's Loess Plateau." Ecological Informatics 63, no. : 101305.
A spatial-temporal panel dataset was collected from 101 countries during 2006–2016. Using partial correlation (PC) and ordinary correlation (OR) analyses, this research examines the relationship between ecological footprint (EF) and subjective well-being (SWB) to measure environmental impacts on people’s happiness. Gross domestic product (GDP), urbanization rate (UR), literacy rate (LR), youth life expectancy (YLE), wage and salaried workers (WSW), political stability (PS), voice accountability (VA) are regarded as control variables. Total bio-capacity (TBC), ecological crop-land footprints (ECL), ecological grazing-land footprint (EGL), and ecological built-up land footprint (EBL) have significant positive influences on SWB, but ecological fish-land (EFL) has significant negative influences on SWB. Ecological carbon footprint (ECF) is significantly negatively related to SWB in developed countries. An increase in the amount of EF factors is associated with a country’s degree of development. Political social–economic impacts on SWB disguised environmental contribution on SWB, especially CBF impacts on SWB. The use of PC in examining the association between SWB and EF helps bridge a knowledge gap and facilitate a better understanding of happiness.
Jinting Zhang; F. Zhan; Xiu Wu; Daojun Zhang. Partial Correlation Analysis of Association between Subjective Well-Being and Ecological Footprint. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1033 .
AMA StyleJinting Zhang, F. Zhan, Xiu Wu, Daojun Zhang. Partial Correlation Analysis of Association between Subjective Well-Being and Ecological Footprint. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (3):1033.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJinting Zhang; F. Zhan; Xiu Wu; Daojun Zhang. 2021. "Partial Correlation Analysis of Association between Subjective Well-Being and Ecological Footprint." Sustainability 13, no. 3: 1033.
Although it is generally believed the Grain for Green (GFG) implemented in China has attenuated soil erosion, whether it is effective still needs verification. Taking Yan'an in the Loess Plateau as the study area, we analyzed both total effect and efficiency differences during the GFG implementation. Results showed while the average soil erosion decreased from 4884.49 t·km‐2·a‐1 to 4087.57 t·km‐2·a‐1, counties with higher GFG implementation intensity unachieved larger soil conservation effect. For example, Wuqi ranks 3rd in the GFG implementation intensity among all counties in Yan'an, but its real soil erosion reduction is the lowest, only 54.1% of Yan'an's average level. To analyze the reason for the efficiency difference, the concept of soil conservation potential was proposed. It is concluded that the soil conservation effect is controlled by the soil conservation potential. Ideally, regions with high soil conservation potential should get priority in the GFG application, yet there is a significant spatial mismatch between the GFG implementation intensity and the soil conservation potential since the correlation coefficient is only −0.05, which weakened the soil control effect. On the base, a dynamic implementation mechanism was put forward for the formulation and optimization of ecological projects in future. Firstly, using the soil conservation potential to determine the implementation intensity in each region; secondly, adjusting the intensity to the changes of the soil conservation potential in the following implementation; at last, repeating above steps to ensure high efficiency of soil erosion control, and achieving the sustainability and effectiveness of the ecological projects. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Jiachen Ning; Daojun Zhang; Qiang Yu. Quantifying the efficiency of soil conservation and optimized strategies: A case‐study in a hotspot of afforestation in the Loess Plateau. Land Degradation & Development 2020, 32, 1114 -1126.
AMA StyleJiachen Ning, Daojun Zhang, Qiang Yu. Quantifying the efficiency of soil conservation and optimized strategies: A case‐study in a hotspot of afforestation in the Loess Plateau. Land Degradation & Development. 2020; 32 (3):1114-1126.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiachen Ning; Daojun Zhang; Qiang Yu. 2020. "Quantifying the efficiency of soil conservation and optimized strategies: A case‐study in a hotspot of afforestation in the Loess Plateau." Land Degradation & Development 32, no. 3: 1114-1126.
Grain for Green project has achieved substantial results in ecological reconstruction and social benefits in China. Meantime, some doubts also exist, and one of the most concerned themes is its sustainability. Although some studies address this topic, there are deficiencies in the research scale and depth. In this work, except for traditional growth trend analysis of vegetation restoration by using vegetation index from 2000 to 2016 in Wuqi County of China, Moran’s I was used to analyze the competition for water and nutrients among the vegetation due to restricted space, and the Hurst exponent was used to analyze the future development trends of the vegetation cover. The results show that although the vegetation coverage rate of the study area has improved steadily since the implementation of the ecological policy, limited further improvement in the study area is possible in the future; and vegetation restoration is generally sustainable in the southeastern part of the study area but not in the northwestern part of the study area from a spatial perspective. In terms of driving factors, natural factors are the decisive factors affecting the sustainability of vegetation restoration; ecological projects and maintenance measures may promote vegetation restoration generally but they should be controlled at a certain level, otherwise, the counterproductive result would be obtained. Therefore, vegetation restoration should be adapted to local conditions rather than uniform standards being adopted for the entire region, and this conclusion should apply equally to ecological restoration efforts in other regions of the world. Also, from a methodological point of view, this study proposes to analyze the sustainability of vegetation restoration based on the spatial and temporal perspectives by using the spatial autocorrelation and Hurst exponent methods, which is a development and supplement to previous studies and has a certain advantage for evaluating the vegetation restoration status.
Daojun Zhang; Wenyan Ge; Yu Zhang. Evaluating the vegetation restoration sustainability of ecological projects: A case study of Wuqi County in China. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 264, 121751 .
AMA StyleDaojun Zhang, Wenyan Ge, Yu Zhang. Evaluating the vegetation restoration sustainability of ecological projects: A case study of Wuqi County in China. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 264 ():121751.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaojun Zhang; Wenyan Ge; Yu Zhang. 2020. "Evaluating the vegetation restoration sustainability of ecological projects: A case study of Wuqi County in China." Journal of Cleaner Production 264, no. : 121751.
As a typical ecologically fragile region, the Loess Plateau of China has much improved in the ecological environment in the past two decades. In order to achieve a more efficient implementation of ecological projects in the future, it is of great importance to study the influencing factors and the driving mechanism of vegetation restoration based on past vegetation restoration practices. However, human activity and natural factors may show different coupling effects in contributing to the vegetation restoration in different locations because of their spatial heterogeneity. In that case, the traditional global regression based on the Ordinary Least Squares is at risk of failure. With Yan'an as the study area, vegetation index data in 2000 and 2011 were used to calculate the vegetation improvement map during the ecological projects; taking this map as the dependent variable, and the topographical, meteorological, socio-economic, and policy factors as independent variables, Geographically Weighted Regression model which can well deal with spatial heterogeneity, together with the Ordinary Least Squares model, was applied in this study. The results show: (1) most of the variables selected in this research have significant impacts on the vegetation restoration, while meteorological and socio-economic factors make greater contributions; (2) the effect of factors contributing to vegetation coverage improvement varies substantially across the study site, with climatic and physical factors dominating, and socio-economic/policy factors playing either positive or negative roles in different parts of the study area. It could be concluded that spatial variability in factors contributing to vegetation restoration should be well considered when performing ecological policy evaluation, and Geographically Weighted Regression method has unparalleled advantages of Ordinary Least Squares model in this aspect since it provides scientific reference for policymakers to make effective decisions according to local conditions and maximize the effectiveness of ecological policies.
Daojun Zhang; QiQi Jia; Peng Wang; Jinting Zhang; Xianhui Hou; Xiandong Li; Wangjun Li. Analysis of spatial variability in factors contributing to vegetation restoration in Yan'an, China. Ecological Indicators 2020, 113, 106278 .
AMA StyleDaojun Zhang, QiQi Jia, Peng Wang, Jinting Zhang, Xianhui Hou, Xiandong Li, Wangjun Li. Analysis of spatial variability in factors contributing to vegetation restoration in Yan'an, China. Ecological Indicators. 2020; 113 ():106278.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaojun Zhang; QiQi Jia; Peng Wang; Jinting Zhang; Xianhui Hou; Xiandong Li; Wangjun Li. 2020. "Analysis of spatial variability in factors contributing to vegetation restoration in Yan'an, China." Ecological Indicators 113, no. : 106278.
Vegetation restoration potential mapping (VRPM) is of great importance for regional ecosystem restoration planning after long‐term land degradation or short‐term disasters. However, there are some problems to be solved in the current models for evaluating the potential of vegetation restoration. First, the models for VRPM are mostly established based on a knowledge‐driven index system. Although this kind of model is logically rigorous, it relies too much on expert knowledge and is relatively inefficient, especially for large‐area vegetation restoration assessments. Second, because of the spatial heterogeneity, as well as the absence of important indicators, the traditional global‐based evaluation models are difficult to adapt to the entire study area. In this study, an improved data‐driven approach, that is, a sliding‐window based similar habitat potential model, is developed for VRPM. The advantages of the new model include: (a) it is more efficient in determining the importance of each influencing factor without resorting to expert knowledge; (b) it is more locally adaptive than the global model because it performs sample training, rule building, and vegetation restoration potential calculation in each current local window. We provide a case‐study to show the modeling process and result interpretation of the new model.
Daojun Zhang; Xin Xu; Shunbo Yao; Jinting Zhang; Xianhui Hou; Runsheng Yin. A novel similar habitat potential model based on sliding‐window technique for vegetation restoration potential mapping. Land Degradation & Development 2019, 31, 760 -772.
AMA StyleDaojun Zhang, Xin Xu, Shunbo Yao, Jinting Zhang, Xianhui Hou, Runsheng Yin. A novel similar habitat potential model based on sliding‐window technique for vegetation restoration potential mapping. Land Degradation & Development. 2019; 31 (6):760-772.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaojun Zhang; Xin Xu; Shunbo Yao; Jinting Zhang; Xianhui Hou; Runsheng Yin. 2019. "A novel similar habitat potential model based on sliding‐window technique for vegetation restoration potential mapping." Land Degradation & Development 31, no. 6: 760-772.
Xianhui Hou; Jingming Liu; Daojun Zhang; Minjuan Zhao; Chuyu Xia. Impact of urbanization on the eco-efficiency of cultivated land utilization: A case study on the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China. Journal of Cleaner Production 2019, 238, 1 .
AMA StyleXianhui Hou, Jingming Liu, Daojun Zhang, Minjuan Zhao, Chuyu Xia. Impact of urbanization on the eco-efficiency of cultivated land utilization: A case study on the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019; 238 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXianhui Hou; Jingming Liu; Daojun Zhang; Minjuan Zhao; Chuyu Xia. 2019. "Impact of urbanization on the eco-efficiency of cultivated land utilization: A case study on the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China." Journal of Cleaner Production 238, no. : 1.
Evaluating the effects of ecological projects is important for summarizing past experience and for exploring more effective ways to implement land use policies in the future. The base of ecological restoration is vegetation restoration. Consequently, previous studies have predominantly focused on ecological restoration from the view of vegetation coverage improvement (i.e., the growth of a vegetation index). However, vegetation coverage also reflects geographical differences in natural environmental factors. Thus, vegetation index growth rates reflect, to a large extent, differences in resource endowment, rather than in human effort. Using habitat theory and a spatial sliding window model, this study proposes the concept of vegetation restoration potential achievement (VRPA). Taking ecological restoration practices in Yan’an, China, since 1999 as an example, we evaluate the effect of ecological projects in terms of both a vegetation index and VRPA. The results show that the latter can effectively weaken the impact of resource endowment differences and highlight human factors (i.e., the ecological policy itself and its implementation). This approach improves land use policy evaluation by constructing a novel indicator. It is expected that this method will provide better support for regulating ecological restoration through land use policies.
Xin Xu; Daojun Zhang; Yu Zhang; Shunbo Yao; Jinting Zhang. Evaluating the vegetation restoration potential achievement of ecological projects: A case study of Yan’an, China. Land Use Policy 2019, 90, 104293 .
AMA StyleXin Xu, Daojun Zhang, Yu Zhang, Shunbo Yao, Jinting Zhang. Evaluating the vegetation restoration potential achievement of ecological projects: A case study of Yan’an, China. Land Use Policy. 2019; 90 ():104293.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXin Xu; Daojun Zhang; Yu Zhang; Shunbo Yao; Jinting Zhang. 2019. "Evaluating the vegetation restoration potential achievement of ecological projects: A case study of Yan’an, China." Land Use Policy 90, no. : 104293.
While the Chinese Grain for Green (GFG) policy has reduced the area of cultivated land in several regions in China, the program’s effects on Per Unit Area Productivity of Cultivated Land (PAPCL) are not clear. As the positive or negative contributions of GFG to PAPCL can vary with context, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the correlations between the program and crop yields in order to determine the best balance between environmental benefits and food security. In this study, Wuqi County in China’s Shaanxi Province was selected for a case study. Multi-source data were integrated in the Geographic Information System platform, and geographical weighted regression was then performed to spatially analyze the effects of the GFG on the improvement of PAPCL (GoP); with GoP as the dependent variable, we further analyzed the role of environmental variables in promoting the contribution of GFG to the improvement of PAPCL. Our findings are as follows: (1) GFG can better contribute to the PAPCL improvement in the villages with higher elevation, poor infrastructure, and denser populations, and thus, GFG could be further implemented in these areas. (2) In the area where GFG performed well, agricultural machinery and agricultural chemicals can be utilized less frequently, as they have similar effects on the improvement of PAPCL, but the increase of forest-based diseases and insect pests is possible. (3) The intensity of the GFG itself is negative compared to the GoP, which indicates that the implementation of the GFG in the study area may be excessive in improving the PAPCL.
Daojun Zhang; QiQi Jia; Xin Xu; Shunbo Yao; Haibin Chen; Xianhui Hou; Jinting Zhang; Gui Jin. Assessing the coordination of ecological and agricultural goals during ecological restoration efforts: A case study of Wuqi County, Northwest China. Land Use Policy 2019, 82, 550 -562.
AMA StyleDaojun Zhang, QiQi Jia, Xin Xu, Shunbo Yao, Haibin Chen, Xianhui Hou, Jinting Zhang, Gui Jin. Assessing the coordination of ecological and agricultural goals during ecological restoration efforts: A case study of Wuqi County, Northwest China. Land Use Policy. 2019; 82 ():550-562.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaojun Zhang; QiQi Jia; Xin Xu; Shunbo Yao; Haibin Chen; Xianhui Hou; Jinting Zhang; Gui Jin. 2019. "Assessing the coordination of ecological and agricultural goals during ecological restoration efforts: A case study of Wuqi County, Northwest China." Land Use Policy 82, no. : 550-562.
With the importance of sustainable development widely accepted, the relationship between natural capital utilization and economic development has become a global focus. This study analyzes the relationship between the utilization of natural capital and economic development in the countries along China's “Belt and Road” initiative using a panel regression model. The results show that the labor force, rural and urban populations, and exports and imports have a significant impact on both natural capital consumption and economic development. However, the impact of exports and imports on economic development here is contrary to economic theory and experience. We also find that there is still resource dependence in economic development and that natural capital consumption has a long‐run impact on it. To address this, the “Belt and Road” countries should adopt comprehensive national and regional measures to build a mutually beneficial cooperative mechanism and trade environment.
Xianhui Hou; Jingming Liu; Daojun Zhang. Regional sustainable development: The relationship between natural capital utilization and economic development. Sustainable Development 2018, 27, 183 -195.
AMA StyleXianhui Hou, Jingming Liu, Daojun Zhang. Regional sustainable development: The relationship between natural capital utilization and economic development. Sustainable Development. 2018; 27 (1):183-195.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXianhui Hou; Jingming Liu; Daojun Zhang. 2018. "Regional sustainable development: The relationship between natural capital utilization and economic development." Sustainable Development 27, no. 1: 183-195.
Weights of evidence (WofE) and logistic regression (LR) are two loglinear methods for mineral potential mapping. Both models are limited by their respective basic assumptions in application. Ideally, WofE indicator patterns have the property of conditional independence (CI) with respect to the point pattern of mineral deposits to be predicted; in LR, there supposedly are no interactions between the point pattern and two or more of the indicator patterns. If the CI assumption is satisfied, estimated LR coefficients become approximately equal to WofE contrasts and the two methods produce similar results; additionally, bias then is avoided in that the sum of all estimated posterior probabilities becomes approximately equal to the number of observed discrete events. WofE allows construction of input layers that have missing data as a separate category in addition to known presence-absence type input, while logistic regression as such is not capable of handling missing data. As an improved WofE model based on LR, modified weights of evidence (MWofE) inherit the advantages of both LR and WofE, i.e., eliminates bias due to lack of CI and can handle missing data as well. Pixel or unit area input for MWofE consists of positive and negative weights for presence and absence of a pattern plus zeros for missing data. MWofE first is illustrated by application to simple examples. Next, it is applied to a study area with 20 known gold occurrences in southwestern Nova Scotia in relation to four input layers based on geological and lake geochemical data. Assuming that geochemical data were missing for the northern part of the study area, MWofE, like WofE but unlike LR, provides posterior probabilities for the entire area.
Daojun Zhang; Frits Agterberg. Modified Weights-of-Evidence Modeling with Example of Missing Geochemical Data. Complexity 2018, 2018, 1 -12.
AMA StyleDaojun Zhang, Frits Agterberg. Modified Weights-of-Evidence Modeling with Example of Missing Geochemical Data. Complexity. 2018; 2018 ():1-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaojun Zhang; Frits Agterberg. 2018. "Modified Weights-of-Evidence Modeling with Example of Missing Geochemical Data." Complexity 2018, no. : 1-12.
The combination of complex, multiple minerogenic stages and mineral superposition during geological processes has resulted in dynamic spatial distributions and nonstationarity of geological variables. For example, geochemical elements exhibit clear spatial variability and trends with coverage type changes. Thus, bias is likely to occur under these conditions when general regression models are applied to mineral prospectivity mapping (MPM). In this study, we used a spatially weighted technique to improve general logistic regression and developed an improved model, i.e., the improved logistic regression model, based on a spatially weighted technique (ILRBSWT, version 1.0). The capabilities and advantages of ILRBSWT are as follows: (1) it is a geographically weighted regression (GWR) model, and thus it has all advantages of GWR when managing spatial trends and nonstationarity; (2) while the current software employed for GWR mainly applies linear regression, ILRBSWT is based on logistic regression, which is more suitable for MPM because mineralization is a binary event; (3) a missing data processing method borrowed from weights of evidence is included in ILRBSWT to extend its adaptability when managing multisource data; and (4) in addition to geographical distance, the differences in data quality or exploration level can be weighted in the new model.
Daojun Zhang; Na Ren; Xianhui Hou. An improved logistic regression model based on a spatially weighted technique (ILRBSWT v1.0) and its application to mineral prospectivity mapping. Geoscientific Model Development 2018, 11, 2525 -2539.
AMA StyleDaojun Zhang, Na Ren, Xianhui Hou. An improved logistic regression model based on a spatially weighted technique (ILRBSWT v1.0) and its application to mineral prospectivity mapping. Geoscientific Model Development. 2018; 11 (6):2525-2539.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaojun Zhang; Na Ren; Xianhui Hou. 2018. "An improved logistic regression model based on a spatially weighted technique (ILRBSWT v1.0) and its application to mineral prospectivity mapping." Geoscientific Model Development 11, no. 6: 2525-2539.
Ecological policies can regulate and modify human activities, affecting land use, and eventually, regional vegetative cover. The impact of these policies on vegetation cover is mediated by natural factors as well as social and economic statuses. The former contains meteorological and topographical indicates, and the latter includes population density, per capita cultivated land, transportation convenience, etc. The chosen study area for this study was Wuqi County, situated in the northern Shaanxi Province of China. Using remote sensing and GIS spatial analysis techniques, land use and vegetation index data of Wuqi from 1995 to 2011 were obtained along with topographical, meteorological, and socio-economic data. Further, the vector and grid data were pooled using a village as a unit, to establish a spatial database in ArcGIS 10.2. Multiple regression models, including a geographically weighted model, along with spatial analysis, were applied to calculate the contribution of ecological policies to the vegetation restoration in the study area under the constraint of resource endowment, particularly ecological policies in terms of restoration of ecological land from cultivated land, conservation of forests and pastures. The results of spatial overlay showed an interesting spatial coupling between changes in land use and improvement in vegetation index. The results of the regression models could reveal the comprehensive and quantitative contribution of ecological policies to vegetation restoration since control variables such as resource endowments were included. Moreover, analyses based on both classical regression and geographically weighted regression indicated that land use has considerable influence on vegetation restoration, while the results of the latter showed a higher significance level and could reveal the spatial differences due to policy effects.
Daojun Zhang; QiQi Jia; Xin Xu; Shunbo Yao; Haibin Chen; Xianhui Hou. Contribution of ecological policies to vegetation restoration: A case study from Wuqi County in Shaanxi Province, China. Land Use Policy 2018, 73, 400 -411.
AMA StyleDaojun Zhang, QiQi Jia, Xin Xu, Shunbo Yao, Haibin Chen, Xianhui Hou. Contribution of ecological policies to vegetation restoration: A case study from Wuqi County in Shaanxi Province, China. Land Use Policy. 2018; 73 ():400-411.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaojun Zhang; QiQi Jia; Xin Xu; Shunbo Yao; Haibin Chen; Xianhui Hou. 2018. "Contribution of ecological policies to vegetation restoration: A case study from Wuqi County in Shaanxi Province, China." Land Use Policy 73, no. : 400-411.
Daojun Zhang; Qiuming Cheng; Frits Agterberg. Application of spatially weighted technology for mapping intermediate and felsic igneous rocks in Fujian Province, China. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 2017, 178, 55 -66.
AMA StyleDaojun Zhang, Qiuming Cheng, Frits Agterberg. Application of spatially weighted technology for mapping intermediate and felsic igneous rocks in Fujian Province, China. Journal of Geochemical Exploration. 2017; 178 ():55-66.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaojun Zhang; Qiuming Cheng; Frits Agterberg. 2017. "Application of spatially weighted technology for mapping intermediate and felsic igneous rocks in Fujian Province, China." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 178, no. : 55-66.
Haibin Chen; Liqun Shao; Minjuan Zhao; Xing Zhang; Daojun Zhang. Grassland conservation programs, vegetation rehabilitation and spatial dependency in Inner Mongolia, China. Land Use Policy 2017, 64, 429 -439.
AMA StyleHaibin Chen, Liqun Shao, Minjuan Zhao, Xing Zhang, Daojun Zhang. Grassland conservation programs, vegetation rehabilitation and spatial dependency in Inner Mongolia, China. Land Use Policy. 2017; 64 ():429-439.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaibin Chen; Liqun Shao; Minjuan Zhao; Xing Zhang; Daojun Zhang. 2017. "Grassland conservation programs, vegetation rehabilitation and spatial dependency in Inner Mongolia, China." Land Use Policy 64, no. : 429-439.
In this paper Excel VBA is used for batch calculation in Local Singularity Analysis (LSA), which is for the information extracting from different kinds of geoscience data. Capabilities and advantages of a new module called Batch Tool for Local Singularity Index Mapping (BTLSIM) are: (1) batch production of series of local singularity maps with different settings of local window size, shape and orientation parameters; (2) local parameter optimization based on statistical tests; and (3) provision of extra output layers describing how spatial changes induced by parameter optimization are related to spatial structure of the original input layers.
Daojun Zhang; Qiuming Cheng; Frits Agterberg; Zhijun Chen. An improved solution of local window parameters setting for local singularity analysis based on Excel VBA batch processing technology. Computers & Geosciences 2016, 88, 54 -66.
AMA StyleDaojun Zhang, Qiuming Cheng, Frits Agterberg, Zhijun Chen. An improved solution of local window parameters setting for local singularity analysis based on Excel VBA batch processing technology. Computers & Geosciences. 2016; 88 ():54-66.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaojun Zhang; Qiuming Cheng; Frits Agterberg; Zhijun Chen. 2016. "An improved solution of local window parameters setting for local singularity analysis based on Excel VBA batch processing technology." Computers & Geosciences 88, no. : 54-66.