Introduction: The educational landscape has been expanded to disadvantaged and distant areas through online courses. These online courses have gained extensive interest yet there are limited studies available in the literature. The emergence of massive open online courses (MOOCs) has allowed sustainability educators to glimpse the light. Online education is gaining popularity and, with the introduction of MOOCs, would be beneficial for knowledge building and sharing, and the development of learned society. Objective: This study investigated the mediating (indirect) effects of media richness and user-based use motives on the extended UTAUT model, use behavior (UB), and actual use (AU) of MOOCs on health informatics and administration sustainability education among educators and students in Saudi higher learning institutions (HLIs). A theoretical model based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and Channel Expansion Theory (CET) was used to investigate the factors that affect the adoption of MOOCs in health informatics and administration education. Methodology: A survey design approach was applied. Cross-sectional data were collected from health informatics educators and students from HLIs in Saudi Arabia. A non-probability convenience sampling technique was used for sampling. Data were collected online using Google Forms. A total of 145 completed questionnaires were used in the analysis. PLS-SEM(Version 4.1.1.2) was used for statistical analysis. To investigate the reliability and validity, a measurement model was developed and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted. To test the hypotheses, a structural model was run using bootstrapping, coefficients, standard errors (SE) t-values, p values, and lower and upper-level confidence intervals. Results/Findings: The findings were that system quality and user satisfaction is an important factor in the UTAUT model and the inclusion of media richness and user-based use motives significantly mediated between the expanded UTAUT model and the UB and AU of MOOCs. Moreover, media richness and user-based use motives were found to be dominant factors in the overall study model to predict use behavior and actual use of health informaticians in Saudi Arabia. Conclusions: The combination of these two theories i.e., the UTAUT and CET, can effectively enhance the adoption, use behavior, and actual use of MOOCs in the emerging field of health informatics in Saudi Arabia.

Pakistan witnessed a significant improvement in maternal health outcomes during the past two decades. However, persistent urban-rural and socio-economic inequalities exist in access to maternal healthcare services across the country. The objective of this study was to estimate out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) on delivery care by women in the public and private health sectors in RajanPur district. This was a cross-sectional study conducted, among 368 randomly selected mothers who had childbirths from 1st October to 31st December 2020. The study applied multi-stage random sampling technique to select the study participants. The results showed that about two-thirds of mothers preferred public hospitals for most recent delivery. The percentage of cesarean deliveries conducted in private hospitals (43.8%) was 4.7 times higher than in public hospitals (9.3%). About 99% of mothers incurred OOPE during delivery care, and the mean OOPE incurred during delivery care was PKR 2840 (US$ 17.75) in public hospitals and PKR 25596 (US$159.9) in private hospitals. OOPE on cesarean delivery in private hospitals (PKR 39654.7, US$247.8) was 2.5 times higher than the public hospitals (PKR16111.9, US$100.69), whereas OOPE incurred on normal delivery care in private hospitals (PKR14339, US$89.62) was 9.5 times higher than OOPE in public hospitals(PKR 1501.4, US$9.38).To conclude, the findings and recommendations drawn from the research would provide some insights to health policymakers and planners in developing an integrated and viable maternal healthcare program in Pakistan.

Background: Internet usage has heightened exponentially globally. The Internet is a system of connected computer networks globally and millions of users are connected globally. Internet usage has increased.Methods: A cross-sectional study was to done to know the prevalence of internet usage.Results: The general prevalence of internet addiction (expressive as heavy users and very heavy users/addicts) was 42.5%.Conclusions: A high proportion of students in the college suffer from the adverse effects of Internet addiction. It is essential for psychoanalysts and psychologists to be mindful of the mental problems induced by Internet addiction.

: Dengue is a major vector-borne disease and a significant public health concern in developing countries like Pakistan. The lack of preventive measures against dengue often results in fatalities across various age groups in the country. This study aimed to analyze the determinants of dengue prevalence in selected districts of Pakistan. A cross-sectional study using a two-stage cluster sampling design was conducted across various districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). Data were collected using a validated questionnaire, and logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the determinants of dengue. Of 492 suspected dengue cases, 64.4% were males, 41.3% lacked dengue knowledge, 53.9% reported one to three mosquito bites daily, and 43.3% did not protect stagnant water at home. The majority (63.0%) were not using bed nets for mosquito protection. Binary regression identified significant risk factors for dengue (P <0.05), including male gender, age 16–30 years old, joint or large family living situation, lack of education, low income, not using bed nets, poor dengue knowledge, more than three mosquito bites daily, and unprotected stagnant water. The final multiple logistic regression model highlighted family income, long distance to the nearest health center, lack of bed net usage, and unprotected stagnant water as key socioeconomic determinants (P <0.05) of dengue. Several significant risk factors for dengue were identified across different districts of KP. This information is crucial for policymakers to design targeted prevention strategies aimed at reducing dengue prevalence and associated fatalities.

Online courses and distance learning are playing a significant role nowadays. These open, massive online courses (MOOCs) have garnered significant attention from academics, scholars, and policymakers; however, the literature offers limited empirical evidence, especially from a Saudi Arabian perspective. MOOCs help educators gain not only knowledge but also promote sustainability. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of self-determination theory on the behavioral intention and actual use of MOOCs through the mediation of behavioral intention and media richness. For this purpose, convenience sampling was used, and data were collected from 145 respondents, including faculty members and students, across public and private sector universities. Smart PLS-SEM and CB-SEM were used to investigate the reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity by developing and testing measurement models using a confirmatory factor analysis. The hypotheses were tested using bootstrapping by developing structural models. The findings indicate that all the scales are reliable and valid, meeting the required threshold levels. Furthermore, all hypothesized relationships are positive and significant, except for the effect of perceived relatedness on the behavioral intention and actual use of MOOCs. Behavioral intention does not mediate the relationship involving perceived relatedness; however, it does mediate the relationships among perceived autonomy, competence, and actual use. Media richness also mediates the relationship between behavioral intention and actual use of MOOCs. The results suggest that MOOC providers should offer courses through renowned universities and adopt self-paced learning formats rather than fixed schedules. Additionally, learners should receive credits upon course completion, and these credits should be recognized by employers to enhance motivation for the continued use of MOOCs.