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Spent fluorescent lamps glass (SFLG) waste, manually and mechanically processed in a lamps waste treatment plant, was used to partially replace up to 50 wt% Portland cement (PC). Both waste types exhibited similar pozzolanic activity. The mortars containing up to 35 wt% SFLG met the specifications for other pozzolanic materials (e.g. fly ash) and, after 90 curing days, their compressive strength values were similar to or higher than those of the 100% PC sample (58.8 MPa). Our results provide an alternative reutilization process for this hazardous waste to reuse SFLG as-received (no washing to reduce mercury) and contributes to less PC use.
A.M. Pitarch; L. Reig; A. Gallardo; L. Soriano; M.V. Borrachero; S. Rochina. Reutilisation of hazardous spent fluorescent lamps glass waste as supplementary cementitious material. Construction and Building Materials 2021, 292, 123424 .
AMA StyleA.M. Pitarch, L. Reig, A. Gallardo, L. Soriano, M.V. Borrachero, S. Rochina. Reutilisation of hazardous spent fluorescent lamps glass waste as supplementary cementitious material. Construction and Building Materials. 2021; 292 ():123424.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA.M. Pitarch; L. Reig; A. Gallardo; L. Soriano; M.V. Borrachero; S. Rochina. 2021. "Reutilisation of hazardous spent fluorescent lamps glass waste as supplementary cementitious material." Construction and Building Materials 292, no. : 123424.
Waste collection is one of the most important public services in a town. However, waste collection has not been effectively implemented in some places due to the lack of economic and management resources. The waste is placed in inappropriate sites with the consequent risks of pollution and unhealthy conditions for the inhabitants. Therefore, establishing a municipal solid waste collection plan can be complicated. The methodologies and techniques that work in countries with medium and high income levels cannot be extrapolated to others with low income level because the boundary conditions are widely different. The aim of this paper is to design a municipal solid waste collection system adapted to this type of situation where not much money can be invested and where data are limited. In these cases, municipalities need to use their existing resources effectively. This paper offers a methodology for these cases as well as a case study. The first step was to gather information about the type and amount of waste generated and the characteristics of the town. The second step was to propose the location of the bins and, finally, the waste collection routes. With all these data, the technical and human resources were set. The methodology used was validated in a real case, the town of Nikki (Benin) in Africa. The collection of three waste fractions was designed with the actual resources of the city in order to offer a realistic implementation. Similar situations can be found around the world, and this case study can be used as an example to improve the waste management practices in some places with low resources.
Mar Carlos-Alberola; Antonio Gallardo Izquierdo; Francisco Colomer-Mendoza; Esther Barreda-Albert. Design of a Municipal Solid Waste Collection System in Situations with a Lack of Resources: Nikki (Benin), a Case in Africa. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1785 .
AMA StyleMar Carlos-Alberola, Antonio Gallardo Izquierdo, Francisco Colomer-Mendoza, Esther Barreda-Albert. Design of a Municipal Solid Waste Collection System in Situations with a Lack of Resources: Nikki (Benin), a Case in Africa. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):1785.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMar Carlos-Alberola; Antonio Gallardo Izquierdo; Francisco Colomer-Mendoza; Esther Barreda-Albert. 2021. "Design of a Municipal Solid Waste Collection System in Situations with a Lack of Resources: Nikki (Benin), a Case in Africa." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 1785.
Soil carbon losses to the atmosphere, via soil heterotrophic respiration, are expected to increase in response to global warming, resulting in a positive carbon-climate feedback. Despite the well-known suite of abiotic and biotic factors controlling soil respiration, much less is known about how the magnitude of soil respiration responses to temperature changes over soil development and across contrasting soil properties. Here, we investigated the role of soil development stage and soil properties in driving the responses of soil heterotrophic respiration to increasing temperatures. We incubated soils from eight chronosequences ranging in soil age from hundreds to million years, and encompassing a wide range of vegetation types, climatic conditions, and chronosequences origins, at three assay temperatures (5, 15 and 25 degrees C). We found a consistent positive effect of assay temperature on soil respiration rates across the eight chronosequences evaluated. However, soil properties such as organic carbon concentration, texture, pH, phosphorus content, and microbial biomass determined the magnitude of temperature effects on soil respiration. Finally, we observed a positive effect of soil development stage on soil respiration that did not alter the magnitude of assay temperature effects. Our work reveals that key soil properties alter the magnitude of the positive effect of temperature on soil respiration found across ecosystem types and soil development stages. This information is essential to better understand the magnitude of the carbon-climate feedback, and thus to establish accurate greenhouse gas emission targets.
Marina DaCal; Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo; Jesús Barquero; Asmeret Asefaw Berhe; Antonio Gallardo; Fernando Tomás Maestre; Pablo García-Palacios. Temperature increases soil respiration across ecosystem types and soil development, but soil properties determine the magnitude of this effect. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleMarina DaCal, Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo, Jesús Barquero, Asmeret Asefaw Berhe, Antonio Gallardo, Fernando Tomás Maestre, Pablo García-Palacios. Temperature increases soil respiration across ecosystem types and soil development, but soil properties determine the magnitude of this effect. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarina DaCal; Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo; Jesús Barquero; Asmeret Asefaw Berhe; Antonio Gallardo; Fernando Tomás Maestre; Pablo García-Palacios. 2020. "Temperature increases soil respiration across ecosystem types and soil development, but soil properties determine the magnitude of this effect." , no. : 1.
An increase in tree mortality rates as a consequence of biotic disturbances has been detected worldwide. Biotic disturbances in forests might cause significant impacts at ecosystem-level, with strong effects on soil biological activity and organic matter transformation. However, very few empirical studies have explored to date the consequences of biotic disturbances for soil microbial communities and C and N cycles. Here, we assessed the effects of Quercus suber dieback, caused by the exotic root pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi, on the soil microbial community and key components of the C and N cycle. We used a spatially explicit neighborhood approach to analyze the effects of Q. suber trees with different health status and non-declining coexistent species on soil variables. The study was replicated in the two main Q. suber forest types of the region (closed forests and open woodlands) with contrasting soil texture characteristics. Pathogen-induced tree dieback did not affect microbial functional diversity or biomass, but translated into lower soil microbial respiration. Tree mortality induced changes in several variables of the C and N cycle, but the sign and magnitude of these effects varied depending on the local characteristics of soil texture. Coexistent species differed strongly from Q. suber in their effects on the C and N cycle. Overall, our results show that tree dieback due to invasive pathogens translates into complex short- and long-term effects on different components of the C and N cycles, despite no effects on microbial functional diversity and biomass.
J. M. Ávila; A. Gallardo; B. Ibáñez; L. Gómez-Aparicio. Pathogen-Induced Tree Mortality Modifies Key Components of the C and N Cycles with No Changes on Microbial Functional Diversity. Ecosystems 2020, 24, 451 -466.
AMA StyleJ. M. Ávila, A. Gallardo, B. Ibáñez, L. Gómez-Aparicio. Pathogen-Induced Tree Mortality Modifies Key Components of the C and N Cycles with No Changes on Microbial Functional Diversity. Ecosystems. 2020; 24 (2):451-466.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. M. Ávila; A. Gallardo; B. Ibáñez; L. Gómez-Aparicio. 2020. "Pathogen-Induced Tree Mortality Modifies Key Components of the C and N Cycles with No Changes on Microbial Functional Diversity." Ecosystems 24, no. 2: 451-466.
This paper describes the laboratory-scale simulation of the behaviour of rejects from a biological-mechanical treatment (BMT) plant in Castellón (Spain). For this purpose, four lysimeters were built, with different densities. Simulations were carried out for 7 weeks and leachate recirculation was applied to two of them. The experimental results allowed us to determine: (i) dirt in fractions, which was relatively high (up to 15% in some fractions) due to biological processes; (ii) the field capacity for this waste with similar values to other works, which varied depending on the experiment; (iii) variation in the biomass percentage which lowered after experiments in all cases (59.5% lower on average), and the rejects’ calorific value was higher after experiments (28.2% on average); (iv) the evolution of leachate properties with or without recirculation, where percolation, in addition to the dragging of soluble materials, stabilised waste, which diminished its biological activity. Rejects’ increased calorific value will allow combustible material to be recovered in the future as a way to exploit the energy potential stored in landfills.
Joan Esteban-Altabella; Francisco J Colomer-Mendoza; Antonio Gallardo; Natalia Edo-Alcón. Behavior of Rejects from a Biological-Mechanical Treatment Plant on the Landfill to Laboratory Scale. Sustainability 2020, 12, 499 .
AMA StyleJoan Esteban-Altabella, Francisco J Colomer-Mendoza, Antonio Gallardo, Natalia Edo-Alcón. Behavior of Rejects from a Biological-Mechanical Treatment Plant on the Landfill to Laboratory Scale. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (2):499.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoan Esteban-Altabella; Francisco J Colomer-Mendoza; Antonio Gallardo; Natalia Edo-Alcón. 2020. "Behavior of Rejects from a Biological-Mechanical Treatment Plant on the Landfill to Laboratory Scale." Sustainability 12, no. 2: 499.
Waste management plans pay attention to municipal solid waste (MSW) collection systems. It represents a significant portion of waste management as it involves a great economic cost and environmental impact. For these reasons, many researchers have studied the optimization of collection routes, analyzing factors that make them more efficient and sustainable, for example, the overall distance traveled and the time spent on the route. Collection times depend on factors such as the speed of the truck, time at traffic lights or time spent on loading and unloading the waste. The loading and unloading times play an important role in the measurement of the total time of the route. Moreover, there is scarce information in the literature about measuring the real-time spent on the trip. All those times are necessary to optimize the total route time. However, it is difficult to obtain this information directly as it depends on parameters such as the type of truck. The aim of this work is to propose a methodology to define all the times involved in the waste collection process. Once they are well defined, they have to be measured in some cases or calculated in others. This works also presents a case study to validate the proposed methodology with an extensive fieldwork to measure those times that can’t be calculated in the waste collection process. The work presents the results of a study of the time spent at a collection point in six MSW collection systems using different types of collection trucks and bin designs. We have determined how the characteristics of the system affect the time spent at a collection point. Additionally, the times for the six models have been established. Finally, we have determined the influence of the collection model in the duration of the activity. Under certain conditions, times can coincide even though the models are different.
Mar Carlos; Antonio Gallardo; Natalia Edo-Alcón; Juan Ramón Abaso. Influence of the Municipal Solid Waste Collection System on the Time Spent at a Collection Point: A Case Study. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6481 .
AMA StyleMar Carlos, Antonio Gallardo, Natalia Edo-Alcón, Juan Ramón Abaso. Influence of the Municipal Solid Waste Collection System on the Time Spent at a Collection Point: A Case Study. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (22):6481.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMar Carlos; Antonio Gallardo; Natalia Edo-Alcón; Juan Ramón Abaso. 2019. "Influence of the Municipal Solid Waste Collection System on the Time Spent at a Collection Point: A Case Study." Sustainability 11, no. 22: 6481.
The characteristics and properties of waste in a landfill, and its evolution over time, are difficult to estimate because of the heterogeneity of materials, biomass degradation, density, cover material, and infiltration of water. In this work, a lysimeter was used to simulate how refuse from mechanical-biological treatment (MBT) plants evolved in a landfill over a 45-day period. Water was added as a way to imitate the effects produced during rainy seasons. Field capacity and changes in the physical and chemical properties (volatile solids, biomass, and heating value) were analyzed. The results of this research show that the percentage of biomass lowers, and the heating value increases, after bringing about infiltration and percolation of water in the waste mass. Therefore in order to stabilize waste in a landfill, employing irrigation or leachate recirculation could be advisable. As the heating value increases after percolation, it could also be a good idea to recover the fuel material after stabilization.
Joan Esteban-Altabella; Francisco J. Colomer-Mendoza; Antonio Gallardo-Izquierdo. Simulation of the behavior of a refuse landfill on a laboratory scale. Journal of Environmental Management 2017, 204, 144 -151.
AMA StyleJoan Esteban-Altabella, Francisco J. Colomer-Mendoza, Antonio Gallardo-Izquierdo. Simulation of the behavior of a refuse landfill on a laboratory scale. Journal of Environmental Management. 2017; 204 ():144-151.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoan Esteban-Altabella; Francisco J. Colomer-Mendoza; Antonio Gallardo-Izquierdo. 2017. "Simulation of the behavior of a refuse landfill on a laboratory scale." Journal of Environmental Management 204, no. : 144-151.
In 2012, 21.2 million metric tons of municipal solid waste were collected in Spain (MAGRAMA 2014), of which 85% corresponds to mixed waste. This is then treated in different plants with the aim of recovering materials for their subsequent recycling and the transformation of the biodegradable organic fraction into compost and biogas. However, of the total amount of material processed in these plants, 42.2% is rejected. In Spain, there are 10 energy recovery plants. In 2012, only 13.57% of the total amount of the rejected material was processed in these plants. The rest was deposited in landfills. Therefore, a significant amount of the material is rejected, and is not currently exploited. The aim of this work is to analyze, on the one hand, the potential energy recovery of the material rejected from the municipal solid waste plants in energy recovery plants, by studying the energy efficiency of the existing plants. On the other hand, it will also compare different energy valorization technologies in order to analyze the need for new Waste-to-Energy plants to take advantage of all the rejected biofuel material generated in Spain.
I. Sánchez-López; A. Gallardo; N. Edo-Alcón. Study of the Energy Recovery of the Reject Materials from Municipal Solid Waste Treatment Plants in Spain. Lecture Notes in Management and Industrial Engineering 2017, 81 -93.
AMA StyleI. Sánchez-López, A. Gallardo, N. Edo-Alcón. Study of the Energy Recovery of the Reject Materials from Municipal Solid Waste Treatment Plants in Spain. Lecture Notes in Management and Industrial Engineering. 2017; ():81-93.
Chicago/Turabian StyleI. Sánchez-López; A. Gallardo; N. Edo-Alcón. 2017. "Study of the Energy Recovery of the Reject Materials from Municipal Solid Waste Treatment Plants in Spain." Lecture Notes in Management and Industrial Engineering , no. : 81-93.
For decades, human activities have gradually destroyed the natural habitats of wild grapevine, Vitis vinifera L. subsp. sylvestris (Gmelin) Hegi, and nowadays this species is endangered in southern Europe. In this paper, 94 populations of this species have been localized and characterized in the Andalusian region in the Iberian Peninsula between 1989 and 2013. Location, ecological aspects, and sanitary characteristics are described. Must properties and in vitro tolerance to calcareous conditions were also checked. The paper also contains a global description of female and male individuals. Two hundred individuals from six river basin populations have been sampled, and their genetic structure analyzed by using 25 nuclear microsatellites loci to investigate the gene diversity of wild grape populations in Andalusia at two levels: total individuals and at river basin populations. Also, the genetic relationship of wild and cultivated accessions has been tested. Wild grapevine is considered the ancestor of the cultivated varieties and should be preserved as this material could be used to start breeding programs of cultivated varieties and also to restore riverbank forests, which constitute one of the worst preserved ecosystems in the area.
Manuel Cantos; R Arroyo-Garcia; José Luis García; Miguel Lara; Ramón Morales; María Ángeles López; Antonio Gallardo; Carlos Alvar Ocete; Alvaro Rodriguez-Miranda; José Manuel Valle; Ramón Vaca; Magdalena González-Maestro; Hajnalka Bánáti; Rafael Ocete. Current distribution and characterization of the wild grapevine populations in Andalusia (Spain). Comptes Rendus. Biologies 2017, 340, 164 -177.
AMA StyleManuel Cantos, R Arroyo-Garcia, José Luis García, Miguel Lara, Ramón Morales, María Ángeles López, Antonio Gallardo, Carlos Alvar Ocete, Alvaro Rodriguez-Miranda, José Manuel Valle, Ramón Vaca, Magdalena González-Maestro, Hajnalka Bánáti, Rafael Ocete. Current distribution and characterization of the wild grapevine populations in Andalusia (Spain). Comptes Rendus. Biologies. 2017; 340 (3):164-177.
Chicago/Turabian StyleManuel Cantos; R Arroyo-Garcia; José Luis García; Miguel Lara; Ramón Morales; María Ángeles López; Antonio Gallardo; Carlos Alvar Ocete; Alvaro Rodriguez-Miranda; José Manuel Valle; Ramón Vaca; Magdalena González-Maestro; Hajnalka Bánáti; Rafael Ocete. 2017. "Current distribution and characterization of the wild grapevine populations in Andalusia (Spain)." Comptes Rendus. Biologies 340, no. 3: 164-177.
Waste from construction and demolition activities represents one of the highest volumes of waste in Europe. 500 million tonnes are produced throughout the whole EU every year. In some EU members like Spain, approximately 83 per cent of such waste is disposed in landfills. The remaining part is classified and processed in treatment facilities so that it can later be used as recycled aggregates in the construction sector (sand, gravel, aggregates, etc.) but without much commercial success. The aim of this study is to use recycled aggregates from inert wastes (IW) in the different phases of a landfill (construction, operation and closure) with the aid of a new computer tool called LABWASTE.14. This tool incorporates the mathematical relationship among the activities of the landfill and provides as a result the economic viability of using recycled aggregates compared to aggregates from quarries. Therefore, knowing the needs of aggregates in landfills (dams, drainage layers, covering layers, collection wells, etc.) may determine the amount of IW that could be recovered. These calculations can be obtained from some of the data that is introduced (population, land physiography, etc.). Furthermore, the use of LABWASTE.14 makes it possible to reduce the demand for aggregates from quarries.
Francisco J. Colomer Mendoza; Joan Esteban Altabella; Antonio Gallardo Izquierdo. Application of inert wastes in the construction, operation and closure of landfills: Calculation tool. Waste Management 2017, 59, 276 -285.
AMA StyleFrancisco J. Colomer Mendoza, Joan Esteban Altabella, Antonio Gallardo Izquierdo. Application of inert wastes in the construction, operation and closure of landfills: Calculation tool. Waste Management. 2017; 59 ():276-285.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancisco J. Colomer Mendoza; Joan Esteban Altabella; Antonio Gallardo Izquierdo. 2017. "Application of inert wastes in the construction, operation and closure of landfills: Calculation tool." Waste Management 59, no. : 276-285.
El biosecado consiste en evaporar el agua de un sustrato biodegradable mediante el calor generado en la fermentación aerobia. Para conseguir una biomasa con baja humedad a partir de los residuos de jardinería de un campus universitario, se ha aplicado este proceso de secado biológico a dichos residuos. Por otra parte, se quiere analizar la influencia que tiene la adición de un agente texturizante en el proceso. El biosecado de este sustrato se realiza en 10 reactores con caudal de aire conocido entre 0.88 y 6.42 L/min• kg (d/w). Al sustrato de cinco reactores se añadió un 15 % de material texturizante (MT), y los otros cinco solo con césped. Los parámetros que influyeron en el proceso fueron: aireación, temperatura y humedad inicial del biorresiduo. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron que los ensayos con MT presentaron una mayor reducción de humedad; después de 20 días el contenido en agua se redujo entre un 50 y un 69 %, permitiendo la producción de un combustible biomásico con un poder calorífico inferior (PCI) de entre 11063-13709 kJ kg–1. Después de la experiencia se concluyó también con que el MT mejora la reducción de humedad, la reducción de amoniaco y permite un buen desarrollo de la fase termofílica. Sin embargo, el aumento del caudal de aire proporcionado al reactor no es linealmente proporcional a la pérdida de peso del sustrato. El biosecado consiste en evaporar el agua de un sustrato biodegradable mediante el calor generado en la fermentación aerobia. Para conseguir una biomasa con baja humedad a partir de los residuos de jardinería de un campus universitario, se ha aplicado este proceso de secado biológico a dichos residuos. Por otra parte, se quiere analizar la influencia que tiene la adición de un agente texturizante en el proceso. El biosecado de este sustrato se realiza en 10 reactores con caudal de aire conocido entre 0.88 y 6.42 L/min• kg (d/w). Al sustrato de cinco reactores se añadió un 15 % de material texturizante (MT), y los otros cinco solo con césped. Los parámetros que influyeron en el proceso fueron: aireación, temperatura y humedad inicial del biorresiduo. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron que los ensayos con MT presentaron una mayor reducción de humedad; después de 20 días el contenido en agua se redujo entre un 50 y un 69 %, permitiendo la producción de un combustible biomásico con un poder calorífico inferior (PCI) de entre 11063-13709 kJ kg–1. Después de la experiencia se concluyó también con que el MT mejora la reducción de humedad, la reducción de amoniaco y permite un buen desarrollo de la fase termofílica. Sin embargo, el aumento del caudal de aire proporcionado al reactor no es linealmente proporcional a la pérdida de peso del sustrato.
Francisco José Colomer Mendoza; Departamento Ingeniería Mecánica Y Construcción. Universidad Jaume I; Fabián Robles Martínez; Ana Belem Piña Guzmán; Pablo Vicente Monserrat; Antonio Gallardo Izquierdo; Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria De Biotecnología. Instituto Politécnico Nacional. México D.F.. INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT AIRFLOWS AND THE PRESENCE OF BULKING AGENT ON BIODRYING OF GARDENING WASTES IN REACTORS. Revista Internacional de Contaminación Ambiental 2016, 32, 161 -171.
AMA StyleFrancisco José Colomer Mendoza, Departamento Ingeniería Mecánica Y Construcción. Universidad Jaume I, Fabián Robles Martínez, Ana Belem Piña Guzmán, Pablo Vicente Monserrat, Antonio Gallardo Izquierdo, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria De Biotecnología. Instituto Politécnico Nacional. México D.F.. INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT AIRFLOWS AND THE PRESENCE OF BULKING AGENT ON BIODRYING OF GARDENING WASTES IN REACTORS. Revista Internacional de Contaminación Ambiental. 2016; 32 (Residuos s):161-171.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancisco José Colomer Mendoza; Departamento Ingeniería Mecánica Y Construcción. Universidad Jaume I; Fabián Robles Martínez; Ana Belem Piña Guzmán; Pablo Vicente Monserrat; Antonio Gallardo Izquierdo; Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria De Biotecnología. Instituto Politécnico Nacional. México D.F.. 2016. "INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT AIRFLOWS AND THE PRESENCE OF BULKING AGENT ON BIODRYING OF GARDENING WASTES IN REACTORS." Revista Internacional de Contaminación Ambiental 32, no. Residuos s: 161-171.
When many people work in organized institutions or enterprises, those institutions or enterprises become big meeting places that also have energy, water and resources necessities. One of these necessities is the correct management of the waste that is daily produced by these communities. Universities are a good example of institution where every day a great amount of people go to work or to study. But independently of their task, they use the different services at the University such as cafeterias, canteens, and photocopy and as a result of their activity a cleaning service is also needed. All these activities generate an environmental impact. Nowadays, many Universities have accepted the challenge to minimize this impact applying several measures. One of the impacts to be reduced is the waste generation. The first step to implement measures to implement a waste management plan at a University is to know the composition, the amount and the distribution of the waste generated in its facilities. As the waste composition and generation depend among other things on the climate, these variables should be analysed over one year. This research work estimates the waste generation and composition of a Spanish University, the Universitat Jaume I, during a school year. To achieve this challenge, all the waste streams generated at the University have been identified and quantified emphasizing on those which are not controlled. Furthermore, several statistical analyses have been carried out to know if the season of the year or the day of the week affect waste generation and composition. All this information will allow the University authorities to propose a set of minimization measures to enhance the current management.
A. Gallardo; Natalia Edo-Alcón; M. Carlos; M. Renau. The determination of waste generation and composition as an essential tool to improve the waste management plan of a university. Waste Management 2016, 53, 3 -11.
AMA StyleA. Gallardo, Natalia Edo-Alcón, M. Carlos, M. Renau. The determination of waste generation and composition as an essential tool to improve the waste management plan of a university. Waste Management. 2016; 53 ():3-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Gallardo; Natalia Edo-Alcón; M. Carlos; M. Renau. 2016. "The determination of waste generation and composition as an essential tool to improve the waste management plan of a university." Waste Management 53, no. : 3-11.
Nowadays, in the Spanish cities streets there are several types of bins to collect the different municipal solid waste (MSW) fractions: organic matter and reject fraction, paper and cardboard, light packaging, glass, used oil, clothes, etc. To locate them correctly in the urban landscape is an important task in the MSW management. In the first place, from the MSW collection point of view, a appropriate bins location makes their collection easier. In the second place, in the selective collection, a good location is basic to ensure the citizens participation in the recovery of the recyclable materials. Moreover, the bins location must respect the urban environment. This work presents a methodology to optimize the MSW bins location taking into account several factors such as the distance to the users, the streets characteristics, the presence of singular urban points, etc. The methodology will be later applied to the optimization of the location of the different waste fraction bins of a Spanish city using the Geographic Information Systems (GIS).
Mar Carlos; Antonio Gallardo; Mónica Peris; Francisco J. Colomer. Optimization of the Location of the Municipal Solid Waste Bins Using Geographic Information Systems. Lecture Notes in Management and Industrial Engineering 2015, 171 -184.
AMA StyleMar Carlos, Antonio Gallardo, Mónica Peris, Francisco J. Colomer. Optimization of the Location of the Municipal Solid Waste Bins Using Geographic Information Systems. Lecture Notes in Management and Industrial Engineering. 2015; ():171-184.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMar Carlos; Antonio Gallardo; Mónica Peris; Francisco J. Colomer. 2015. "Optimization of the Location of the Municipal Solid Waste Bins Using Geographic Information Systems." Lecture Notes in Management and Industrial Engineering , no. : 171-184.
The Landfill models and software applications are limited to the individual calculation of some of the variables. However, there are none that address all of them. This paper shows the development of a computational tool called LABWASTE.12 for designing all the variables related to landfills with construction and demolition waste (C&DW) recovery. This tool presents a model from the Excel® program for the drafting of landfills, and establishes the possibility of developing recycled aggregates. In the development of the tool the following variables were taken into account: properties and composition of the waste; characterization and properties of natural/recycled debris; statistical correlation between population and area of the landfill; preliminary design of the vessel; slope stability and dams; evacuation perimeter ditch drains; leachate generation; design of storm water and leachate ponds, and pre-dimensioning; biogas generation; and, finally, sealing and closure in compliance with official regulations. This will make possible to obtain an estimate of the amount of aggregate, waterproofing, geotextile, fences, chimneys, dams, etc. required, as well as an analysis of the feasibility of use and overall budget and items
J. Esteban; F. J. Colomer; M. Carlos; A. Gallardo. LABWASTE.12: Calculation Tool for the Design of Solid Waste Landfills with Inert Waste Recovery. Lecture Notes in Management and Industrial Engineering 2015, 131 -144.
AMA StyleJ. Esteban, F. J. Colomer, M. Carlos, A. Gallardo. LABWASTE.12: Calculation Tool for the Design of Solid Waste Landfills with Inert Waste Recovery. Lecture Notes in Management and Industrial Engineering. 2015; ():131-144.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. Esteban; F. J. Colomer; M. Carlos; A. Gallardo. 2015. "LABWASTE.12: Calculation Tool for the Design of Solid Waste Landfills with Inert Waste Recovery." Lecture Notes in Management and Industrial Engineering , no. : 131-144.
Mixed municipal waste is treated at waste recovery and composting plants. A portion of the material that enters the plant becomes refuse, which comprises different streams generated after the packaging selection stage and the compost refining phase. The percentage of combustible material contained in this refuse is considerable and recovering it is therefore a feasible proposition. The refuse from waste treatment plants can nowadays be considered a solid recovered fuel (SRF) with an acceptable value, according to the European standard EN 15359. This standard provides a classification for SRF in which the economic parameter is the net calorific value, the technical parameter is the chlorine content, and the environmental parameter is the mercury content. This paper presents the design of an SRF with a high market value according to European standards that comes from a recovery and composting plant. To this end, physical–chemical analyses of refuse were performed. Furthermore, a set of enhancements in the mechanical, electromechanical, and optical separation process have also been proposed.
A. Gallardo; A. M. Gomez; F. J. Colomer; N. Edo; P. Pascual. Design of an SRF from Refuse from a Municipal Waste Treatment Plant. Lecture Notes in Management and Industrial Engineering 2015, 157 -165.
AMA StyleA. Gallardo, A. M. Gomez, F. J. Colomer, N. Edo, P. Pascual. Design of an SRF from Refuse from a Municipal Waste Treatment Plant. Lecture Notes in Management and Industrial Engineering. 2015; ():157-165.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Gallardo; A. M. Gomez; F. J. Colomer; N. Edo; P. Pascual. 2015. "Design of an SRF from Refuse from a Municipal Waste Treatment Plant." Lecture Notes in Management and Industrial Engineering , no. : 157-165.
The municipal solid waste (MSW) management is an important task that local governments as well as private companies must take into account to protect human health, the environment and to preserve natural resources. To design an adequate MSW management plan the first step consists in defining the waste generation and composition patterns of the town. As these patterns depend on several socio-economic factors it is advisable to organize them previously. Moreover, the waste generation and composition patterns may vary around the town and over the time. Generally, the data are not homogeneous around the city as the number of inhabitants is not constant nor it is the economic activity. Therefore, if all the information is showed in thematic maps, the final waste management decisions can be made more efficiently. The main aim of this paper is to present a structured methodology that allows local authorities or private companies who deal with MSW to design its own MSW management plan depending on the available data. According to these data, this paper proposes two ways of action: a direct way when detailed data are available and an indirect way when there is a lack of data and it is necessary to take into account bibliographic data. In any case, the amount of information needed is considerable. This paper combines the planning methodology with the Geographic Information Systems to present the final results in thematic maps that make easier to interpret them. The proposed methodology is a previous useful tool to organize the MSW collection routes including the selective collection. To verify the methodology it has been successfully applied to a Spanish town.
A. Gallardo; M. Carlos; M. Peris; F.J. Colomer. Methodology to design a municipal solid waste pre-collection system. A case study. Waste Management 2015, 36, 1 -11.
AMA StyleA. Gallardo, M. Carlos, M. Peris, F.J. Colomer. Methodology to design a municipal solid waste pre-collection system. A case study. Waste Management. 2015; 36 ():1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Gallardo; M. Carlos; M. Peris; F.J. Colomer. 2015. "Methodology to design a municipal solid waste pre-collection system. A case study." Waste Management 36, no. : 1-11.
This paper analyzes the generation and composition of municipal solid waste in Spanish towns and cities with more than 5000 inhabitants, which altogether account for 87 % of the Spanish population. To do so, the total composition and generation of municipal solid waste fractions were obtained from 135 towns and cities. Homogeneity tests revealed heterogeneity in the proportions of municipal solid waste fractions from one city to another. Statistical analyses identified significant differences in the generation of glass in cities of different sizes and in the generation of all fractions depending on the hydrographic area. Finally, linear regression models and residuals analysis were applied to analyze the effect of different demographic, geographic, and socioeconomic variables on the generation of waste fractions. The conclusions show that more densely populated towns, a hydrographic area, and cities with over 50,000 inhabitants have higher waste generation rates, while certain socioeconomic variables (people/car) decrease that generation. Other socioeconomic variables (foreigners and unemployment) show a positive and null influence on that waste generation, respectively.
Miriam Prades; Antonio Gallardo; Maria Victoria Ibàñez. Factors determining waste generation in Spanish towns and cities. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2014, 187, 1 -13.
AMA StyleMiriam Prades, Antonio Gallardo, Maria Victoria Ibàñez. Factors determining waste generation in Spanish towns and cities. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2014; 187 (1):1-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiriam Prades; Antonio Gallardo; Maria Victoria Ibàñez. 2014. "Factors determining waste generation in Spanish towns and cities." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 187, no. 1: 1-13.
The final disposal of the Municipal Solid Waste is still a problem in many countries. The lack of space, the generation of leachate, and the emission of greenhouse gases as well as the requirements of the new legislation on waste dissuade the administrations involved from using the landfill option as a possible means of final disposal of MSW. The terms of the European Legislation on waste management and energy encourage member states to develop waste recovery techniques before sending it to a landfill. Therefore, member states have introduced source separation and mechanical-biological treatment to separate biodegradable recovery fractions (organic, paper-cardboard, plastic packaging, and glass) from the reject fraction, which is afterwards disposed of in landfills. One of the main aims of this study is to analyse the energy recovery properties of the reject fraction from a biological-mechanical treatment plant in Spain. For this purpose, this work presents a physical and chemical characterization of waste reject fraction from a real mechanical-biological treatment plant as well as the metal and halogen content. Additionally, the quality standards of the refused derived fuel processed at the laboratory and the atmospheric emissions of this type of fuel have been determined
Antonio Gallardo; Mar Carlos; M.D. Bovea; Francisco J. Colomer; Fernando Albarrán. Analysis of refuse-derived fuel from the municipal solid waste reject fraction and its compliance with quality standards. Journal of Cleaner Production 2014, 83, 118 -125.
AMA StyleAntonio Gallardo, Mar Carlos, M.D. Bovea, Francisco J. Colomer, Fernando Albarrán. Analysis of refuse-derived fuel from the municipal solid waste reject fraction and its compliance with quality standards. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2014; 83 ():118-125.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntonio Gallardo; Mar Carlos; M.D. Bovea; Francisco J. Colomer; Fernando Albarrán. 2014. "Analysis of refuse-derived fuel from the municipal solid waste reject fraction and its compliance with quality standards." Journal of Cleaner Production 83, no. : 118-125.
The municipal solid waste (MSW) management is an important task that local governments as well as private companies must take into account to protect human health, the environment and to preserve natural resources. To design an adequate MSW management plan the first step consist in defining the waste generation and composition patterns of the town. As these patterns depend on several socio-economic factors it is advisable to organize them previously. Moreover, the waste generation and composition patterns may vary around the town and over the time. Generally, the data are not homogeneous around the city as the number of inhabitants is not constant nor it is the economic activity. Therefore, if all the information is showed in thematic maps, the final waste management decisions can be made more efficiently. The main aim of this paper is to present a structured methodology that allows local authorities or private companies who deal with MSW to design its own MSW management plan depending on the available data. According to these data, this paper proposes two ways of action: a direct way when detailed data are available and an indirect way when there is a lack of data and it is necessary to take into account bibliographic data. In any case, the amount of information needed is considerable. This paper combines the planning methodology with the Geographic Information Systems to present the final results in thematic maps that make easier to interpret them. The proposed methodology is a previous useful tool to organize the MSW collection routes including the selective collection. To verify the methodology it has been successfully applied to a Spanish town
A. Gallardo; M. Carlos; M. Peris; F.J. Colomer. Methodology to design a municipal solid waste generation and composition map: A case study. Waste Management 2014, 34, 1920 -1931.
AMA StyleA. Gallardo, M. Carlos, M. Peris, F.J. Colomer. Methodology to design a municipal solid waste generation and composition map: A case study. Waste Management. 2014; 34 (11):1920-1931.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Gallardo; M. Carlos; M. Peris; F.J. Colomer. 2014. "Methodology to design a municipal solid waste generation and composition map: A case study." Waste Management 34, no. 11: 1920-1931.
Antonio Gallardo Izquierdo. Testing the Degree of Biostabilization in the Refuse from Composting Plants. American Journal of Environmental Protection 2014, 3, 238 .
AMA StyleAntonio Gallardo Izquierdo. Testing the Degree of Biostabilization in the Refuse from Composting Plants. American Journal of Environmental Protection. 2014; 3 (5):238.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntonio Gallardo Izquierdo. 2014. "Testing the Degree of Biostabilization in the Refuse from Composting Plants." American Journal of Environmental Protection 3, no. 5: 238.