This study examined the temporal evolution of happiness determinants in the Andean region using the dual-STATIS method, a multivariate technique that captures structural patterns over time. By analyzing data from the World Happiness Report for Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru from 2006 to 2022, this study identified key trends in subjective well-being. The findings revealed a three-phase evolution in covariation structures, highlighting significant correlations between well-being and factors such as gross domestic product per capita (r = 0.536, p < 0.05) and social support (r = 0.597, p < 0.05). Healthy life expectancy showed strong temporal stability (r = 0.912, p < 0.05), while perceptions of corruption influenced both positive (r = −0.402, p < 0.05) and negative (r = 0.407, p < 0.05) emotions. The analysis identifies country-specific patterns, with Peru exhibiting the highest weight in the common structure (0.85), followed by Ecuador (0.75), and Colombia (0.70). The dual-STATIS methodology, validated through bootstrapping and cross-validation, confirmed the robustness of these relationships. These findings suggest that while certain determinants of happiness converge across the three countries, national-specific factors continue to shape trends in well-being. This study underscores the need for tailored public policies that account for both regional integration and country-specific social, economic, and institutional conditions.

This interdisciplinary study assesses the effectiveness of Ecuadorian legislation, specifically the Constitutions of 1998 and 2008, which are pioneers in the recognition of native peoples and nationalities, in protecting indigenous languages as fundamental cultural rights in the face of a marked linguistic decline. Using a mixed methodological approach, we examine the coherence between legislative intentions and their practical implementation in safeguarding indigenous linguistic diversity in Ecuador. Through a quantitative analysis based on data from the 2001, 2010, and 2022 population censuses, a significant reduction in the use of indigenous languages among the younger generations is evidenced, indicating a growth in the transmission gap. This finding highlights the urgent need to develop effective legislative and policy interventions that actively promote the use and transmission of these languages among future generations.

MQRInvestigar Revista de Investigación Científica

La investigación analiza la imposición de sanciones a adolescentes mayores de 16 años en Ecuador por contravenciones de tránsito, específicamente el conflicto entre el Código Orgánico Integral Penal (COIP) y el Código de la Niñez y Adolescencia (CNA). Este conflicto surge porque el COIP aplica sanciones, como multas y pérdida de puntos en la licencia de conducir, que no se ajustan a las particularidades y derechos de los adolescentes, vulnerando el principio de especialidad. La investigación utiliza un enfoque cualitativo, recurriendo a métodos dogmático y hermenéutico para contrastar y contextualizar las disposiciones del COIP y el CNA, buscando determinar su adecuación a los principios constitucionales. Los resultados muestran que la aplicación de sanciones económicas y administrativas, sin una evaluación de la capacidad económica y el desarrollo psicosocial de los adolescentes, genera una inseguridad jurídica. Asimismo, el estudio concluye que estas sanciones podrían violar los derechos garantizados en la Convención sobre los Derechos del Niño y en la normativa constitucional ecuatoriana, que exigen un tratamiento diferenciado y protector para menores en conflicto con la ley. Este análisis resalta la necesidad de reformar las normas para asegurar un enfoque restaurativo y proporcional en la justicia juvenil.