Background and Objectives: The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) belongs to the gamma herpesviruses family. Evidence from the literature suggests that EBV initiates immune responses and the production of antibodies. Chronic or recurrent EBV infections may be associated with autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren’s syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, or inflammatory bowel diseases. This review aims to establish the role of EBV in the development and progression of autoimmune diseases. Materials and Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, PMC, Google Scholar, and SCOPUS. Relevant studies, including meta-analyses, case-control studies, literature reviews, cross-sectional studies, and longitudinal studies, were identified through titles and abstracts screening for a comprehensive analysis. Results: Our study revealed a strong association between EBV infection and several autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Epstein-Barr virus seropositivity was significantly higher in affected individuals. Elevated EBV-specific antibodies correlated with disease onset and severity. EBV DNA and latency proteins were detected in diseased tissues, alongside immune dysregulation and molecular mimicry mechanisms. Conclusions: Our findings highlight that EBV may be an important factor in autoimmune disease pathogenesis, contributing to immune activation and tissue damage. Further research is needed to explore EBV-targeted therapies and their potential in preventing or managing autoimmune diseases.

Background/Objectives: Lung cancer is the second most prevalent cancer in the general population and the third most prevalent among women. STAS (Spread Through Air Spaces) is a term used in pathology, particularly in lung cancer. It refers to the spread of tumor cells through air spaces in the lung tissue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of STAS as a predictive and prognostic factor, as well as to assess the impact of STAS detection on subsequent surgical and pharmacological treatment decisions. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed on PubMed, PMC, and Google Scholar between June and September 2024. Search terms included ‘STAS’, ‘lung cancer’, ‘NSCLC’, ‘SCLC’, ‘PET and STAS’, ‘histopathological STAS’, ‘treatment methods for STAS’, and ‘STAS prognosis’. A diverse range of study designs was included in our analysis—encompassing meta-analyses, case-control studies, literature reviews, cross-sectional studies, and prospective longitudinal studies. Results: Lobectomy remains standard, whereas sublobar resection significantly increases recurrence risk in STAS-positive patients. CT, PET/CT, and frozen section analysis offer emerging, reliable predictive markers, supporting optimized treatment selection; however, histopathological examination continues to serve as the standard method for confirming STAS. Conclusions: One of the most significant limitations of our work is the limited number of available studies addressing the topic of STAS, which is the reason why statistical analysis was not provided. To conclude, the presence of STAS is identified as a negative prognostic factor amongst patients with NSCLC; however further research is needed to establish specific treatment guidelines when STAS is identified.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system characterized by autoimmune-mediated damage to oligodendrocytes and subsequent myelin destruction. Clinical implications: Clinically, the disease presents with many symptoms, often evolving over time. The insidious onset of MS often manifests with non-specific symptoms (prodromal phase), which may precede a clinical diagnosis by several years. Among them, headache is a prominent early indicator, affecting a significant number of MS patients (50–60%). Results: Headache manifests as migraine or tension-type headache with a clear female predilection (female-male ratio 2-3:1). Additionally, some disease-modifying therapies in MS can also induce headache. For instance, teriflunomide, interferons, ponesimod, alemtuzumab and cladribine are associated with an increased incidence of headache. Conclusions: The present review analyzed the literature data on the relationship between headache and MS to provide clinicians with valuable insights for optimized patient management and the therapeutic decision-making process.

We report a 49‐year‐old patient with COVID‐19 who developed lung abscess, pleural empyema, and tracheo‐esophageal fistula. He underwent cervicotomy, segmental tracheal resection, esophageal‐tracheal fistula excision, and suturing the esophagus, and a classic thoracotomy was performed. Despite the severe infection, the patient was discharged home after successful surgical treatment.

Background: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is one of the most common hereditary heart muscle disorders. It is characterised by unexplained left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). In competitive sports, HCM can be particularly dangerous. It is a well-recognised leading cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD) among young athletes. Aim: This study aimed to provide a comprehensive review of the current understanding of HCM within athletic populations, with a focus on the differences in pathophysiology compared to normal physiological adaptation. Material and methods: Between April and July 2025, we searched the PubMed, Google Scholar, and PMC databases. We used both Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and keywords in the free text. The search was limited to studies on humans. Due to the heterogeneity of the materials used, no statistical analyses or quantitative pooling were performed. The narrative was based on PRISMA principles. Research results: HCM is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in sarcomere-affecting genes. These abnormalities result in abnormal energy metabolism, disturbances in calcium homeostasis and oxidative stress. This generates an energy deficit, which is exacerbated further during competitive sports. This mechanism can lead to life-threatening complications. Distinguishing between the heart's physiological adaptation to intense physical exertion and HCM requires an assessment of ventricular geometry, diastolic and systolic performance, coronary perfusion and the body's response to exercise testing. Conclusion: HCM presents many challenges to sports medicine and diagnosis requires advanced tests. Thanks to extensive research on HCM, the range of therapeutic options in both pharmacotherapy and surgical treatment is constantly expanding.

Background. In 2019, the United States devoted $126 billion to wound care—constituting 16.3 % of all patient-borne healthcare expenditures—an increase from 14.5 % in 2014, representing a 1.8-percentage-point rise. In Poland, expenditures on wound management reached $1.45 billion in the same year, accounting for 5.6 % of the national healthcare budget. These figures underscore wound care as a critical, interdisciplinary challenge for healthcare systems worldwide. Aim. Synthesize current approaches to wound management and to elucidate the adjunctive potential of aesthetic medicine techniques in promoting tissue regeneration. Material and methods. Between April and June 2025, we conducted a comprehensive literature search of PubMed, PMC and Google Scholar using the following keywords: “aesthetic medicine,” “wound healing,” “chronic wounds,” “mesotherapy,” “laser therapy,” and “stem cells in aesthetic medicine.”. Results. Mesotherapy enhanced burn closure in rat models (glutathione reduced residual wounds to 22.7 cm² versus 46.4 cm² controls). Laser therapies (CO₂, Er:YAG, fractional) improved hypertrophic scar remodeling and chronic wound re‐epithelialization, reduced inflammation, and increased collagen and angiogenesis. Microneedling and ASC-based mesotherapy accelerated hypertrophic and venous ulcer healing metrics. Conclusions. The studies cited above have demonstrated that procedures employed in aesthetic medicine may offer significant benefits as an adjuvant therapy in the wound-healing process. In particular, emphasis has been placed on the use of high-energy sources—namely, lasers—which markedly enhance the healing of chronic wounds, especially in patients burdened by multiple comorbidities.