To estimate the prevalence of cognitive impairment (CI) among patients recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (RDD) and to identify any relationships between CI and RDD comorbidities. Methods: One thousand seven hundred twelve patients with RDD participated in a cross-sectional study. The patients’ sociodemographic and clinical data were registered. The sample population had an average age of 51 ± 11 years, and 63.26% of the patients were female. CI was diagnosed in 38 patients (2.2%) and was more common among both females (2.8% vs. 1.3%, p = 0.063) and the elderly (0% at an age ≤ 30 years vs. 10.4% at an age > 70 years, p = 0.0001). Rheumatoid arthritis (present in 15.8% vs. absent in 2.1%) and asthma (13% vs. 2.1%) correlated significantly with CI based on the results of our logistic regression analysis. Age, female gender, rheumatoid arthritis and asthma are risk factors for CI in the setting of RDD.

Objectives At the end of 2019, SARS‐CoV‐2 was identified, the one responsible for the COVID‐19 disease. Between a 5.1% and a 98% of COVID‐19 patients present some form of alteration in their sense of smell. The objective of this study is to determine the diagnostic yield of the smell dysfunction as screening tool for COVID‐19. Methods Cross‐sectional, observational, and pro‐elective study was performed in a tertiary care hospital from May 25th to June 30th, 2020. One hundred and thirty‐nine patients were included in the study. Demographic characteristics were collected from anamnesis. A Self‐Perception Questionnaire and psychophysical olfactory test (POT) were applied to all participants. The presence of SARS‐CoV2, was detected by RT‐PCR methods. Results 51.7% of patients were SARS‐CoV‐2 positive. A sensitivity of 50% was obtained for the self‐perception questionnaire as a screening tool for SARS‐CoV2, with a specificity of 80.59%. The positive predictive value (PPV) was of 73.46%, the negative predictive value (NPV) was of 60%. The POT as a screening tool had a PPV of 82.35%, a NPV of 52.45%, a LR+ of 4.34, a LR‐ 0.84. The combination of anosmia (according to the POT) plus cough and asthenia got an OR of 8.25 for the SARS CoV‐2 infection. Conclusion There is a strong association between olfactory dysfunction and COVID‐19. However, it is not really efficient in the screening of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and thus, they should not be considered as a single diagnostic instrument. Level of Evidence 4.

Antecedentes: El concepto de adicción a la comida describe las dificultades de algunos individuos respecto al consumo de comida. Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de la adicción a la comida y su asociación con el índice de masa corporal (IMC), consumo de calorías y control terapéutico en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2) de diagnóstico reciente. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron 1080 pacientes con DMT2. Se determinó el grado de control terapéutico con niveles de hemoglobina glicada, colesterol de baja densidad y presión arterial. El consumo diario de calorías fue estimado con un cuestionario semicuantitativo de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos. Resultados: Casi todos los pacientes mostraron sobrepeso (40.5 %) y obesidad (49.1 %). La frecuencia de adicción a la comida fue de 54.2 % (56.9 % en mujeres y 48.9 % en hombres). La adicción a la comida se asoció a IMC (RM = 1.89, p ≤ 0.05), alto consumo calórico (RM = 1.14, p ≤ 0.05) y hemoglobina glicada > 7 % (RM = 1.43, p ≤ 0.05). Conclusiones: La adicción a la comida es frecuente en pacientes con sobrepeso/ obesidad y DMT2 recientemente diagnosticada y se asocia al consumo calórico superior a lo recomendado, grado de obesidad y pobre control terapéutico.

Background/Objective: This study is aimed to assess the link between oxidative stress markers and incident hyperglycemia in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during an educational intervention. Methods: The study used a prospective cohort. Pregnant women with GDM who were 18–40 years old (n = 201) participated in an 18-month postpartum educational intervention emphasizing healthy practices (nutrition, breastfeeding, physical activity, and psychosocial support). GDM women were tested with an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) after the third month postpartum, and were classified as follows: (1) incident hyperglycemia (IHypergly) (n = 86) if they had a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) of 100–125 mg/dL, and impaired glucose tolerance of 2 h (140–199 mg/dL), or type 2 diabetes (T2D) with an FPG ≥ 126 or ≥200 mg/dL (2 h); and (2) without incident hyperglycemia (n = 115) if they had an FPG < 100 mg/dL and <140 mg/dL 2 h post-OGTT. Participants were evaluated at the end of pregnancy and post-intervention. Clinical, biochemical, anthropometric, dietary, and oxidative stress markers data (malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, antioxidant capacity, carbonylated proteins, and adiponectin) were recorded. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified an association between oxidative stress markers and incident hyperglycemia in women with GDM. Results: A total of 6% progressed to T2D, and 36.8% to prediabetes. At baseline, Ihypergly women exhibited elevated oxidative stress markers and adiponectin, and lower antioxidant capacity. Post-intervention, they showed higher antioxidant capacity, GSH, and adiponectin, and lower MDA. Basal malondialdehyde, pregestational BMI, HbA1c, and sugary food consumption positively correlated with Ihypergly. A high intake of antioxidants inversely correlated with incident hyperglycemia. Conclusions: Higher concentrations of plasma markers of oxidative stress are associated with postpartum incident hyperglycemia in women with gestational diabetes.