Blockchain technology has emerged as a transformative innovation, providing a transparent, immutable, and decentralized platform that underpins critical applications across industries such as cryptocurrencies, supply chain management, healthcare, and finance. Despite their promise of enhanced security and trust, the increasing sophistication of cyberattacks has exposed vulnerabilities within blockchain ecosystems, posing severe threats to their integrity, reliability, and adoption. This study presents a comprehensive and systematic review of blockchain vulnerabilities by categorizing and analyzing potential threats, including network-level attacks, consensus-based exploits, smart contract vulnerabilities, and user-centric risks. Furthermore, the research evaluates existing countermeasures and mitigation strategies by examining their effectiveness, scalability, and adaptability to diverse blockchain architectures and use cases. The study highlights the critical need for context-aware security solutions that address the unique requirements of various blockchain applications and proposes a framework for advancing proactive and resilient security designs. By bridging gaps in the existing literature, this research offers valuable insights for academics, industry practitioners, and policymakers, contributing to the ongoing development of robust and secure decentralized ecosystems.

Background: Evidence identifies that excessive screen time consumption during the crucial stage of life (0‐3 years) significantly affects children’s holistic development over time. In today’s intricate socioeconomic setting, parents, especially working parents, face challenges in constantly supervising their children’s activities, often turning to digital devices as a suitable substitute to keep them occupied. To address these issues, a mobile health (mHealth) app can emerge as a feasible solution to help parents manage digital habits for their infants while minimizing the harmful effects. Objective: The aim of this scoping review from an mHealth viewpoint is to raise awareness among parents about the detrimental effects of unwarranted screen exposure in children younger than 3 years and recommend effective strategies for redirecting them to alternative developmental activities, promoting balanced digital engagement for their infants and toddlers within their domestic landscape. Methods: A systematic search of academic databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, IEEE Xplore, and Elsevier, was conducted. To discover existing child screen monitoring apps, searches were conducted in the Google Play Store and Apple App Store through specific keywords across regional marketplaces. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were followed to organize the literature search process. Data collected from the studies were organized into a predeveloped Excel spreadsheet to facilitate analysis. Synthesized data were scrutinized to detect patterns, variances, and reasonable recommendations. Results: While parents acknowledge the negative impacts of young children’s excessive screen time, their dependence on digital devices survives due to today’s modern lifestyle commands. In total, parents’ insights were clustered into 9 separate categories, highlighting that parents often believe smart devices are beneficial for their children. A total of 6 intervention approaches for parents and 3 for pediatricians were summarized. A significant finding was parents’ unawareness of the association between their own screen time and their toddlers’ interactions with screen media. Additionally, parents also perceived existing intervention strategies positively and acknowledged them as helpful solutions. However, they also recognized that inadequate tools and insufficient time for execution caused the gap in these approaches. Conclusions: The findings of this study underline the need for an empathetic tool to help parents manage their children’s screen time efficiently. The development of a holistic mHealth app is presented that considers awareness, practical guidance, and personalized interventions to balance children’s digital device use. The proposed solution could incorporate four essential features: (1) screen time tracking and monitoring, (2) a reservoir for parental training and guidelines, (3) an alternative activity advocator, and finally (4) an interactive artificial intelligence assistant. This study provides valuable insights into improving obedience to healthy screen use and fostering a digital ecosystem where technology itself functions as an advocate of child progress, instead of an obligation.

Screen time has become a more ubiquitous, and dense perception, due to the widespread availability of electronic media devices, affecting multiple facets of young children's lives ranging from their academic to observational skills. As evidence implies that there is an explicit connection between consumption of screen media with a child's age, examining the negative outcomes due to early electronic device exposure is paramount to mitigating exposure later in life. This research critically investigates the diverse dimensions, consequences, and related guidelines pertaining to the extended usage of screen time, particularly inspecting its impact on the cognitive realm of children. Furthermore, this study attempts to focus on proposing collective and innovative solutions for future research to allow sustainable growth among children aged 0 to 36 months.

Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic blood disorder affecting millions globally, with life-threatening complications, and most patients live in sub-Saharan Africa. Particularly, children with SCD have a high risk of stroke. Although early screening for stroke could help prevent many cases, access to effective stroke screening remains limited in low-resource settings (LRS). Existing traditional approaches are highly operator-dependent, costly, resource-intensive, or difficult to deploy at scale in pediatric care. These limitations highlight the urgent need for accessible, scalable, and child-appropriate stroke screening and assessment tools suitable for low-resource health care contexts. Objective: The aims of this systematic literature review are to (1) uncover system-level barriers affecting stroke screening accessibility for patients with pediatric sickle cell disease (PSCD) in LRS, including underserved contexts within high-income countries; (2) identify existing and emerging stroke screening and assessment technologies and their implementation characteristics, such as feasibility, scalability, portability, and training requirements; and (3) propose a user-centered mobile health (mHealth) framework for stroke screening that improves accessibility and feasibility in resource-constrained health care settings. Methods: PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were followed to organize the search process. A systematic search was conducted using an advanced query and defined eligibility criteria in the academic databases of PubMed, IEEE Xplore, Wiley Online Library, and Google Scholar. Studies published in English between January 1, 2021, and October 31, 2025, were selected. Collected data were arranged in a preformatted Microsoft Excel spreadsheet for analysis. Risk-of-bias assessment was performed using various risk-of-bias assessment tools because of the heterogeneity of the included studies. Narrative synthesis was used for data synthesis. Results: The literature search initially identified 1465 studies, of which 28 (2%) were selected for analysis. Among the 28 studies, 10 (36%) focused on stroke screening accessibility for patients with PSCD in either low- and middle-income countries or other income-level countries for LRS, and 18 (64%) outlined key features and the feasibility of stroke screening technologies. Identified barriers were organized into 4 major categories (workforce and training constraints, health care system and infrastructure barriers, sociocultural and awareness factors, and economic and logistical constraints), emphasizing difficulties in accessing stroke screening in LRS. Additionally, existing and emerging stroke screening technologies were classified into 5 groups: nonimaging, imaging, light-based optical spectroscopy, biomarker-based, and artificial intelligence– and machine learning–based mHealth wearable approaches. Finally, a comprehensive mHealth app is proposed for an easy-to-use screening experience to address stroke screening challenges for patients with PSCD in LRS. Conclusions: This study contributes to identifying major barriers to stroke screening in LRS and highlights key characteristics of stroke screening solutions that can be used in the future. It also contributes to the design of a holistic mHealth solution for implementing stroke screening clinical care for patients with PSCD in LRS.

Introduction: Military personnel face unique challenges in sustaining cognitive performance, emotional regulation, and digital discipline under conditions of operational stress and prolonged screen exposure. Existing mHealth solutions fall short in personalization, privacy, and offline adaptability required for defense settings. Materials and Methods: We introduce DigiMindReady, a privacy-first, fully offline mHealth architecture designed to support mission-aligned readiness through AI-assisted wellness coaching. The system comprises 4 modular subsystems: Human Performance Advocate, EduScreen Repository, Screen Time Tracker, and Digital Reward Engine. Powered by a local large language model, the architecture enables real-time, on-device personalization without cloud dependency, enhancing resilience in disconnected military environments. Results: Prototype testing demonstrated the system’s capability to deliver adaptive, context-relevant outputs across wellness domains. Despite the absence of military-specific fine-tuning, internal validation confirmed technical feasibility and architectural robustness on low-resource mobile devices. The iOS prototype implementation affirms the system’s readiness for broader deployment, with the underlying architecture designed for cross-platform adaptability. Conclusions: DigiMindReady establishes a scalable, secure foundation for digital resilience tailored to military needs. Its modular, edge AI-driven architecture reframes digital wellness from clinical intervention to mission-aligned readiness enhancement. The system’s adaptability, privacy compliance, and offline capabilities position it for future integrations with wearables, environmental sensors, and military evaluation protocols.