Climate change, accompanied by anomalously high temperatures and a decrease in precipitation during the warm season, can have serious consequences for the ecosystems and sustainability of the Ukrainian Polissia. In particular, there are increased risks of forest and peat fires, as well as an overall deterioration of the region’s ecological condition. Between 1990 and 2021, the Ukrainian Polissia region recorded an average temperature increase of 0.60 °C per decade, along with a 3–5% decrease in annual precipitation. An analysis of the spatial distribution of wildfire incident density based on satellite data (FIRMS) in the regions of the Ukrainian Polissia from 2001 to 2023 highlighted several periods of sharp increases in fires: 2002, 2007–2009, 2014–2015, and 2019–2020. The Spring Fire Season and the Late Summer–Autumn Fire Season coincide with periods of reduced precipitation, which in some years reached 40–60% below the climatic norm. Although the climatic conditions of spring 2022 were not as warm and dry as those in 2020, significant parts of Kyiv Polissia and Chernihiv Polissia suffered from large-scale wildfires due to ongoing military actions. The spatial distribution of fire frequency in 2020 and 2022 highlights different contributing factors: in 2020, weather anomalies were the primary cause, while in 2022, armed hostilities played a key role. Military conflicts not only increase the risk of fires but also complicate firefighting efforts, making the region even more vulnerable to large-scale forest fires, and thereby threatening its sustainability. These findings underscore the urgent need for integrated fire management strategies that take into account climate change, land-use policies, and geopolitical factors to mitigate the escalating wildfire threat in the region and ensure long-term sustainability.

The purpose of this work is to review and analyze the main results of modern research on the impact of climate change on the agro-sphere of Ukraine. Results. Analysis of research has shown that the effects of climate change on the agro-sphere are already being felt today and will continue in the future. The observed climate changes in recent decades have already significantly affected the shift in the northern direction of all agro-climatic zones of Europe, including Ukraine. From the point of view of productivity of the agro-sphere of Ukraine, climate change will have both positive and negative consequences. The positives include: improving the conditions of formation and reducing the harvesting time of crop yields; the possibility of effective introduction of late varieties (hybrids), which require more thermal resources; improving the conditions for overwintering crops; increase the efficiency of fertilizer application. Model estimates of the impact of climate change on wheat yields in Ukraine mainly indicate the positive effects of global warming on yields in the medium term, but with an increase in the average annual temperature by 2 ° C above normal, grain yields are expected to decrease. The negative consequences of the impact of climate change on the agrosphere include: increased drought during the growing season; acceleration of humus decomposition in soils; deterioration of soil moisture in the southern regions; deterioration of grain quality and failure to ensure full vernalization of grain; increase in the number of pests, the spread of pathogens of plants and weeds due to favorable conditions for their overwintering; increase in wind and water erosion of the soil caused by an increase in droughts and extreme rainfall; increasing risks of freezing of winter crops due to lack of stable snow cover. Conclusions. Resource-saving agricultural technologies are of particular importance in the context of climate change. They include technologies such as no-till, strip-till, ridge-till, which make it possible to partially store and accumulate mulch on the soil surface, reduce the speed of the surface layer of air and contribute to better preservation of moisture accumulated during the autumn-winter period. And in determining the most effective ways and mechanisms to reduce weather risks for Ukrainian farmers, it is necessary to take into account the world practice of climate-smart technologies.

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The aim of this work is to highlight the algorithm and results of modeling the average regional levels of cereals and legumes yields in some regions of Ukraine (Odessa region for example) using remote data, which used the vegetation index VHI. Methods. Model calculations were performed according to the productivity of cereals and legumes in Odessa region for 2011-2020 and the vegetation index VHI for the same period. VHI products received from NOAA STAR - Global Vegetation Health Products system (4 km resolution, 7-day composite). The relationship between VHI and cereals and legumes yields was assessed by correlation-regression analysis. Results. Statistically significant relationships between VHI and cereals and legumes yields levels in Odessa region with a correlation coefficient of 0.8- 0.9 in the period from April to July were establish. Regression dependences for early forecast of сereals and legumes yields (as of the end of April and May) were established using VHI for 16 and 20 weeks (from the beginning of the year). The correlation coefficient between the actual yield Ufact and the model values is 0.93 for Ufor(16) and 0.89 for Ufor(20). The forecast error did not exceed 10 % for Ufor(16) in 70 % of cases, and for Ufor(20) – in 80 % of cases. Conclusions. The authors established regression dependences for the early forecast (as of the end of April and May) of cereals and legumes yields in Odesa region using the region-averaged vegetation indices VHI for 16 and 20 weeks from the beginning of the year. This algorithm can be used to build model ratios for calculating crop yields for different regions of Ukraine and separately for different crops.

The aim of this research was to study of efficiency of iron oxide nanoparticle application (nano Fe+) in the cultivation of spring barley and soybeans by different systems of basic tillage in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The effectiveness of nano Fe+ applying was determined by determining the biological yield of the studied crops and its structure and comparison with the control version of the experiment (without the use of nanopreparation). The studied crops were spring barley and soybeans. The number of variants of the experiment were 16 (8 variants for each culture). Number of repetitions – three. The research was carried out according to the following scheme: factor A – tillage system (A1 – traditional, A2 – conservation, A3 – mulching, A4 – mini-till); factor B – iron oxide nano Fe+ (B1 – control (without the use of nano Fe+), B2 – the use of nano Fe+ for seed treatment at a rate of 5 mg/t). Used nanopreparation of black iron oxide magnetite is a polyvalent iron oxide (FeO - Fe2O3 - Fe3O4). Results of field research showed a tendency to increase the yield of barley and soybeans with the use of iron oxide nanoparticles in the treatment of seed material. The increase in the yield of spring barley was different depending on the system of basic tillage and ranged from 5 % (conservation system) to 25 % (traditional system). The most favorable conditions for the formation of spring barley yield within the experiment were formed by the mulching system of tillage, which together with the use of nano Fe+ allowed to form the biological yield of the crop at the level of 61,2 c/ha. The effect of direct exposure to nano Fe+ in the case of the mulching system was a 12 % increase in yield compared to control. The use of nano Fe+ on soybean crops helped to increase plant survival. Biological yield during soybean seed treatment nano Fe+ was higher in almost all tillage options. The greatest effect from the use of nano Fe+ was observed for the traditional tillage system (+ 55 % compared to the control). Conclusions. The results of the field experiment revealed a positive effect from the use of nano Fe+ in seed treatment in the technology of growing spring barley and soybeans. It is noted that nano Fe+ influenced the growth and development of the studied crops and the formation of their yields. The average level of biological yield of spring barley (for all applied tillage systems) without nano Fe+ treatment was 50 c/ha, and with the use of nanopreparation – 58 c/ha. For soybeans, the average level of biological yield for all studied systems without nano Fe+ was 17 c/ha, and with the use of nanopreparation – 21,6 c/ha.