Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is one of the most prevalent gastro intestinal disorder which often leads to painful sores in the stomach lining and intestinal bleeding. Untreated Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is one of the major reasons for chronic PUD which, if left untreated, may also result in gastric cancer. Treatment of H. pylori is always a challenge to the treating doctor because of the poor bioavailability of the drug at the inner layers of gastric mucosa where the bacteria resides. This results in ineffective therapy and antibiotic resistance. Current treatment regimens available for gastric ulcer and H. pylori infection uses a combination of multiple antimicrobial agents, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), H2-receptor antagonists, dual therapy, triple therapy, quadruple therapy and sequential therapy. This polypharmacy approach leads to patient noncompliance during long term therapy. Management of H. pylori induced gastric ulcer is a burning issue that necessitates alternative treatment options. Novel formulation strategies such as extended-release gastro retentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS) and nanoformulations have the potential to overcome the current bioavailability challenges. This review discusses the current status of H. pylori treatment, their limitations and the formulation strategies to overcome these shortcomings. Authors propose here an innovative strategy to improve the H. pylori eradication efficiency.

Vitamin D and its metabolites are essential in various physiological processes, including muscle strength, metabolism, antifibrotic activity, and immune regulation. Researchers are focusing on developing vitamin D derivatives with optimized receptor selectivity and reduced systemic toxicity, enhancing their therapeutic efficacy against cancer, autoimmune disorders, and inflammatory diseases. Several analogues, such as alfacalcidol, paricalcitol, and falecalcitriol, are used for managing CKD-related bone disorders, while eldecalcitol is effective for osteoporosis, and calcipotriol against psoriasis. Recent studies have explored their impact on metabolic pathways, parathyroid hormone secretion, asthma, and liver fibrosis, revealing their broad clinical potential. Despite enormous efforts in the past decades, translations of vitamin D-drugs are disproportionately limited, mainly due to toxicity due to calcemic effects and undesirable metabolic profile. This review discusses structural modifications in vitamin D3, their influence on VDR binding, transcriptional activity, and calcium homeostasis, along with their role in targeting pathways like EGFR, KRAS, and Hedgehog in cancers. Advanced analytical techniques such as LC/ESI-MS/MS facilitate precise detection of vitamin D metabolites, further improving pharmacokinetic profiling. Future research may enable the clinical approval of novel vitamin D-based therapeutics with minimal disruption to calcium–phosphorus balance.

Utpalashatphala ghrita (USG) is a traditional ayurvedic medicine containing piperine as its main chemical constituent responsible for the activity. Murchita is an ayurvedic process to detoxify and purify the lipids (ghee, oil). It involves heating ghee with specific ayurvedic ingredients for a specified duration and temperature. It is essential to understand the stability of piperine during and after the murchita process. The objective of this study was to develop and validate an LCMS method to assess the stability of piperine after the murchita process. LCMS system with electrospray ionization and ion-trap as the analyser was used to estimate the piperine content. Analysis was carried out in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Chromatographic mobile phase composed of a mixture of 55 % formic acid (0.1 %) in Milli-Q water (pH 3) and 45 % methanol. The LC-MS method was validated as per ICH Q2 (R2) guidelines. Stability of ghrita was assessed at various stability conditions. The developed LCMS method was accurate, precise and linear over a range of 0.5-32 μg/mL. LOQ of the method was 125 ng/mL and the run time was 10 min. Utpalashatphala ghrita (USG) and Murchita- Utpalashatphala ghrita (M-USG) were prepared as specified under Bhaishajya Ratnavali. Our study revealed that the murchita process degraded piperine by 26 %. However, the stability of piperine was found to be better in the murchita ghrita (M -USG), compared to the unprocessed USG. Study effectively demonstrated that the murchita process enhanced the long-term stability of piperine.

Dermatoses comprise a diverse group of skin disorders that compromise skin integrity, adversely affect patient health, and significantly reduce quality of life. These conditions are often associated with inflammation, infection, and disease progression, necessitating personalized therapeutic strategies and long-term management. Recent advances in molecular biology have facilitated the identification of biomarkers associated with disease onset, progression, and treatment response. These biomarkers provide valuable insights into disease pathophysiology and support early diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic monitoring. This review presents a comprehensive overview of gene expression profiles and biomarkers associated with various dermatological disorders. Understanding biomarker signatures enables the development of targeted and personalized therapeutic approaches tailored to individual patients, thereby improving treatment efficacy and clinical outcomes. In addition, this review highlights the role of nanocarrier-based systems in dermal drug delivery. Compared with conventional formulations, nanoparticle-based nanocarriers improve drug stability, enhance bioavailability, enable controlled drug release, minimize systemic toxicity, and reduce off-target drug delivery, making them promising platforms for the effective management of dermatological disorders.

Objective: The most common and lethal malaria-causing species in humans, Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, are caused by protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Plasmodium. Due to the substantial therapeutic obstacles posed by these parasites, novel therapy strategies are being investigated. By improving the solubility and cellular absorption of antimalarial drugs, including lumefantrine (LUM), carbon dots (CDs), a new nanomaterial, hold promise for the management of malaria. In order to evaluate the stability, drug release profile, and percentage entrapment efficiency (%EE) of LUM-loaded CDs and support their potential for the treatment of malaria, this study set out to design and validate an analytical approach based on HPLC. Methods: A Design of Experiments (DoE) strategy was employed to optimize the HPLC process, systematically altering the injection volume, flow rate, buffer ratio, and buffer pH to improve performance. The following responses were tracked: theoretical plates (Tp), tailing factor (Tf), drug peak area, and retention time (RT). Following the requirements of ICH Q2(R2), linearity was established for LUM throughout a range of 0.5 to 20 µg/ml. Results: The result was a linear regression equation with an R2>0.999, demonstrating strong linearity. For both intra-day and inter-day studies, the method's precision with a %CV<2% and accuracy between 98 and 102% ensured repeatability when used for evaluating LUM stability, %EE, and drug release in CDs. The technique exhibited sensitivity for low concentrations and selectivity, separating LUM from excipients and degradation products. Its eco-friendliness was confirmed with an AGREE score of 0.7, indicating less waste and solvent consumption. Conclusion: The quantification of LUM in CDs, formulation parameter optimization, and the development of sustainable malaria treatment techniques are all made possible by this verified HPLC approach.