Background: Blood transfusion is a highly critical life-saving factor in neonates, especially in extremely low birth weight infants. There is a significant lack of consensus on optimal blood transfusion methods for neonates. Aim: To investigate and analyze blood transfusion practice in neonates among neonatologists and neonatal nurses in a multi-country pattern. Methods: From September 2023 to June 2024, a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted to collect data on global blood transfusion practices in neonates. A questionnaire, developed through an extensive literature review, was distributed to neonatologists and neonatal nurses primarily via e-mail, with additional distribution via social media platforms. Results: This study included a total of 180 neonatologists and neonatal nurses from 27 different countries. Almost 37.7% were working in a level 3 NICU. Approximately 37.7% of the participants stated that they transfuse blood within three hours, and approximately 45.5% stated they usually use 15 mL/kg of blood. After receiving a transfusion, 99.4% of the participants mentioned that they continue to check the vital signs. More than half (72.2%) of NICU practitioners use filters when giving blood. Regarding written instructions and guidelines in the unit for blood transfusion, the majority (84.4%) stated having them in their units, of which, 86.8% mentioned that blood transfusion threshold stated in the guidelines either using hemoglobin or hematocrit. Conclusions: This study found variability in blood transfusion practices around the world. While most have developed neonatal blood transfusion guidelines, certain countries still lack national protocols. Establishing comprehensive guidelines is essential to standardizing procedures, thereby minimizing the risk of inappropriate or unsafe blood transfusions in this neonatology practice.

Neonates are at higher risk of experiencing medication errors. Limited research has thoroughly examined the underlying factors related to these errors from nurses’ perspective, who are essential in medication management within Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)s. The aim of this study was to characterize medication errors in NICU across Saudi Arabia and to categorize the types of errors. This is an online cross-sectional survey study that was conducted in Saudi Arabia between February 2024 and August 2024. The study population consisted of nurses working in the NICU. The questionnaire was designed to assess medication errors in NICU settings. A total of 142 NICU nurses participated in this study. Prescribing errors were the most common, accounting for 36.6% of reported cases, followed by medication preparation errors (24.6%) and dispensing errors (15.5%). Nurses with 1 to 5 years of experience had the highest error rates, particularly in prescribing and preparation. Level 4 NICUs reported higher error rates during these stages. Higher nurse-to-infant ratios was associated with higher medication error rates ( P = .042), highlighting the impact of workload on safety. This study underscores the need for targeted interventions, such as improved dosing protocols, training for less experienced nurses, and strategies to optimize nurse-to-infant ratios in NICUs. Future research should evaluate the effectiveness of these interventions in reducing medication errors to enhance neonatal care outcomes in Saudi Arabia and similar settings.