Introduction: Essential oils are considered a potential alternative to synthetic drugs in the management of diseases such as peptic ulcer (PU) and ulcerative colitis (UC). This study is concerned with comparing the therapeutic effects of Cuminum cyminum L, Carum carvi L, and Thymus vulgaris L. essential oils on PU and UC models induced by ethanol. Methods: Rats were divided into 10 groups; control groups were treated with saline and experimental groups with 500 mg/kg body weight of C. cyminum, C. carvi, or T. vulgaris essential oil. Curative effects were determined by measuring tissue oxidative markers, such as reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and myeloperoxidase (MPO), as well as the inflammatory marker prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), stomach pepsin (PEP), and colon alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Biochemical and histological examinations were done on stomach and colon tissues. Results: The current study proved the anti-ulcer effects of C. cyminum, C. carvi, and T. vulgaris essential oils. They improved the oxidative and inflammatory markers in both stomach and colon tissues and modulated stomach PEP and colon ALP activities. T. vulgaris essential oil modulated GSH and MDA levels resulting in a significant elevation in GSH levels by 120.43% and 99.46% and a significant reduction in MDA levels by 20.05% and 24.1% in PU and UC models, respectively. C. carvi essential oil was the most effective in restoring PGE2 by 71.51% compared to UC group. Results were confirmed by the morphological and histopathological changes. Conclusion: C. cyminum, C. carvi, or T. vulgaris essential oils might be used in the management of acute PU and UC.

Background/Objectives: Potato (Solanum tuberosum)-derived exosomes (SDEs) are extracellular vesicles (66 nm in diameter) with therapeutic potential. SDEs suppress matrix metallopeptidases (MMPs) 1, 2, and 9, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and interleukin 6 (IL6), while exhibiting radical-scavenging activity against the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in vitro and mitigating hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced oxidative stress in HaCaT cells. SDEs upregulate the antioxidant gene glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 (GSTA4), prevent UVB damage, and regenerate photodamaged HaCaT cells. This study evaluates SDEs’ safety and skin-enhancing properties to improve their beauty-related and medical applications. Methods: The SDEs purified via ultracentrifugation were tested for their cytotoxic effects on HaCaT cell viability in scratch wound healing assays and for skin barrier gene modulation in HaCaT keratinocytes and Detroit 551 fibroblasts. A reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to analyze the changes in skin barrier gene expression following the SDE treatment. Cosmetic prototypes containing SDEs were assessed for skin irritation, cooling effects, periorbital wrinkle reduction, elasticity, and whitening properties. Results: The cytotoxicity and human topical tests confirmed the safety of SDE application. The SDEs accelerated wound closure, elevated the skin barrier gene expression level, and improved the clinical parameters, including wrinkle reduction, elasticity enhancement, and whitening. No irritation or side effects were observed. Conclusions: This study identified natural, edible potato-derived exosomes (SDEs) as highly safe agents that significantly enhance wound healing and promote skin barrier-related gene expression. Their multifunctional anti-aging efficacy—reducing wrinkles, enhancing elasticity, and promoting whitening without irritation—positions them as promising candidates for cosmetic and dermatological innovations. These findings warrant further exploration of SDEs for therapeutic applications, including inflammatory skin disorders and drug delivery systems.

Repetitive exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is known to cause DNA damage and increase levels of reactive oxy-gen species (ROS), which are linked to the upregulation of matrix metallopeptidases (MMPs) and inflammatory cyto-kines. These events lead to collagen breakdown by MMPs, resulting in wrinkles, loss of elasticity, and rough, dry skin—typical signs of photoaging—and may even contribute to skin cancers in the long term. We have previously shown that Solanum tuberosum-Derived Exosomes (SDE) can repress 80% of the expression of MMP1 and tissue necro-sis factor (TNF) at 50 μg/mL without inducing damage to keratinocyte HaCaT cells. In this report, we show that SDEs can be treated to the HaCaT cells up to 1,000 μg/mL without inducing cell death, establishing a safe maximum concen-tration. SDEs can signifcantly promote wound healing in a scratch model of wounds in HaCaT cells and elevate the ex-pression of skin barrier genes in HaCaT and fibroblast cell line Detroit 551, which are known to enhance skin cell integ-rity, prevent water loss, and support natural desquamation. In a skin clinical test including 21 volunteers for 2 weeks, prototypes containing SDEs at 100 μg/mL as the main ingredient significantly enhanced skin elasticity, reduced deep eye wrinkle depth, and decreased melanin content, most importantly, without skin-irritating side effects. These findings suggest that SDEs are a safe, natural complex with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and barrier-enhancing effects that can be produced in quantity with relative ease for a potential medical application in humans.

Introduction: Sarcopenia is an inflammatory disease caused by a disruption of muscle homeostasis. Lonicera caerulea L. (Haskap berry) (HB) extract and omega-3 (ω−3) possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This study assesses the potential ameliorating effects of HB extract and ω−3 supplementation on dexamethasone (DEXA)-induced sarcopenia. Methods: Rats were divided into five groups; the negative control group was injected with saline (i.p.); groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 were injected with DEXA (2 mg/kg/d, i.p.); groups 3 and 4 also received 400 mg/kg/d and 100 mg/kg/d of HB extract and ω−3, respectively, while group 5 received both treatments daily for 21 days. The ameliorative effects of treatments were investigated by measuring lysosomal proteolytic enzyme cathepsin activity, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) activity, nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) level, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) activity. The gene expression levels of muscle ring-finger protein (MuRF) and forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factor were also evaluated. Biochemical and histological examinations were done on muscle tissues. Results: DEXA caused a significant elevation (P<0.05) in NF-κβ level and cathepsin activity in muscle tissue. Also, it significantly upregulated the muscle atrophy markers. Meanwhile, PI3K and HO-1 activities were significantly reduced. HB extract and ω−3 administration significantly (P≤0.05) reversed these effects and downregulated the mRNA expression levels of MuRF and FOXO. Also, the histopathological examination confirmed these results. Conclusion: The current study proved the ameliorative effects of HB extract and ω−3 on sarcopenia parameters. Therefore, they might be potential therapeutic agents for myopathy/sarcopenia.