Rothia aeria is a gram-positive amorphous bacillus and was discovered in the Russian space station ‘Mir’ in 1997. It shows phylogenetic similarity to Actinomyces israelii, and as determined using 16 s ribosomal RNA gene analysis R. aeria is classified as a bacteria of the genus Actinomyces. It was found to colonise in the human oral cavity, and there are some infectious reports but none specifies gynaecological infection. A 57-year-old woman, who had been continuously using intrauterine contraceptive device, presented with fever and lower abdominal pain. She was suspected tube-ovarian abscess caused by A. israelii, but the uterine cavity culture revealed R. aeria infection. Considering surgical treatment, conservative treatment by intravenous benzylpenicillin and subsequently oral ampicillin for 6 months improved the abscess, and she has no recurrence for over 1 year.

Since the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program for Japanese girls aged 12–16 years began in 2010, vaccination uptake has been low in women born before 1993 but high (approximately 70%) in those born during 1994–1999. We previously compared the prevalence of vaccine types HPV16 and HPV18 in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1–3 (CIN1–3) or adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) between vaccinated and unvaccinated cohorts and found direct protection effects among vaccinated women in Japan. In this study, we focused on changes in HPV16/18 prevalence among “unvaccinated” cohorts with CIN/AIS. We analyzed HPV16/18 prevalence among 5051 unvaccinated women aged <40 years, newly diagnosed with CIN/AIS during 2012–2021 for time trends. Declining trends in HPV16/18 prevalence over 9 years were observed in CIN1 (36.0–10.0%, P_trend = 0.03) and CIN2–3/AIS (62.5–36.4%, P_trend = 0.07) among women aged <25 years. HPV16/18 prevalence in CIN1 and CIN2–3/AIS diagnosed at age 20–24 years was lower in 1994–1999 birth cohorts compared with 1988–1993 birth cohorts (4.5% vs. 25.7% for CIN1 and 40.0% vs. 58.1% for CIN2–3/AIS, both p = 0.04). Significant reduction in HPV16/18 prevalence among young unvaccinated women with CIN1 and CIN2–3/AIS suggests herd effects of HPV vaccination in Japan.

•Secondary uterine sarcomas occur in < 1% of patients treated with CCRT.•Secondary uterine sarcomas can occur > 5 years from CCRT.•The median survival period from the secondary tumor occurrence was only 4 months.•All our patients had heterologous carcinosarcoma of the uterine corpus.

Endometrial dedifferentiated carcinoma is a new concept among endometrial malignancies, is rare, and has a poor prognosis as it is discovered in advanced stages and has no established treatment. It has higher rates of gene mutations, such as mismatch repair, than general endometrial cancer and has been associated with Lynch syndrome. However, due to its heterogeneity, case-by-case searches are needed. Comprehensive genomic profiling by Foundation One® CDx can comprehensively identify over 300 gene mutations via a next-generation sequencer and can evaluate biomarkers, such as the microsatellite status and tumor mutation burden. Therefore, it may be beneficial in identifying therapeutic targets and drugs for diseases whose treatment has not been established. In this case, 13 therapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for microsatellite instability-High and 40 clinical trials for several gene mutations might be beneficial. We report a case of endometrial dedifferentiated carcinoma for which Foundation One® CDx gene profiling was used to propose treatment.

A complete hydatidiform mole coexisting with a fetus (CHMCF) is a rare form of twin pregnancy. High-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) can occur after a CHMCF pregnancy, although the frequency is low. In cases of GTN, the clinical diagnosis and that based on the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) scoring system can differ. This case report concerns a patient with a choriocarcinoma that was initially diagnosed and treated as a low-risk stage III GTN following a live birth from a CHMCF pregnancy. We used short tandem repeat (STR) analysis to identify the causative pregnancy as the patient's earlier complete hydatidiform mole. Clinicians should anticipate a high-risk GTN when treating persistent trophoblastic disease (PTD) in patients with a non-typical course.