The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted healthcare systems, including dentistry. This retrospective analysis aims to evaluate long-term changes in the spectrum of performed dental procedures due to the COVID-19 pandemic based on the example of the university specialized centre in Poznan. We explored the patient dataset from the University Center of Dentistry and Specialized Medicine (Poznan, Poland) covering the period from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2023. Services performed during the prepandemic (2017-2019), pandemic (2020), and postpandemic (2021-2023) periods were compared. Selected procedures in restorative dentistry, endodontics, dental surgery, and dental radiology were analyzed in detail, including data for both children and adults. Our study analyzed a total of 342,112 patient medical records, including 158,882 conservative procedures and 101,556 surgical procedures. During the pandemic, there was a significant reduction in conservative procedures, particularly commercial services. In the postpandemic period, the number of refunded restorations and endodontic treatments for anterior teeth increased significantly, which was not observed for commercial procedures. A notable disruption between surgical and conservative procedures occurred during the first wave of the pandemic. The prepandemic period and the first quarter of the year were more conducive to conservative and endodontic treatments. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a significant long-term shift from preventive and conservative dentistry into surgical interventions. Although the overall number of services provided has increased, more patients are opting for procedures that do not require out-of-pocket expenses. The pandemic has a lasting impact on the clinical decisions made by dental patients, with a greater preference for reimbursed and surgical services.

Background/Objectives: Oral health behaviors can be shaped by various factors, both global (such as the COVID-19 pandemic) and individual (e.g., gender, age). This retrospective study aims to assess the factors influencing the choice between conservative and surgical dental procedures among patients based on the example of the university specialized center in Poznan. Methods: We explored the patient dataset from the University Center of Dentistry and Specialized Medicine (Poznan, Poland), covering the period from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2023. A total of 182,654 medical records were analyzed, focusing on procedures such as restorations, endodontic interventions, and extractions. Multivariate logistic regression and multidimensional correspondence analyses were employed to assess the impact of demographic factors (age and gender) and tooth-specific characteristics on clinical decisions. Results: Females, particularly younger, were more likely to choose restorative procedures, while males, especially those over 50, predominantly underwent surgical procedures. Endodontic treatments were most common in males aged 18–30, primarily for maxillary anterior teeth and premolars. Molar extractions, especially in the mandible, were the most frequent surgical procedure. Maxillary teeth, particularly canines and premolars, were more likely to be treated conservatively. Conclusions: Economic factors, limited treatment access, and variations in patient preference influenced the observed patterns. Despite a national trend toward increased conservative treatments, disparities persisted based on age, gender, and tooth type. These findings emphasize the need for targeted prevention strategies and equitable access to advanced dental care.