This study used Litopenaeus vannamei to compare the muscle nutritional quality and volatile flavor compounds of animals raised in the photovoltaic fishery culture model (PM) and the common pond breeding model (CM). Amino acids, fatty acids, and volatile flavor substances were identified and analyzed using an automatic amino acid analyzer and headspace solid phase microextraction(HS-SPME) combined with GC/MS. There were no significant differences between the two culture models in terms of general nutrients, mineral contents, and amino acid compositions in the muscles of L. vannamei. In the PM group, the proportion of flavor amino acids in total amino acids was higher. Based on the amino acid score (AAS) and chemical score (CS), it was found that methionine and cystine were the first limiting amino acids in the muscle samples. The essential amino acid index (EAAI) value was approximately 77 for both models, indicating high-quality proteins. The muscles contained nine types of fatty acids, with the PM group showing significantly higher levels of both monounsaturated and total fatty acids. A total of 23 volatile flavor compounds were identified in both models. The contents of 1-nonanal, n-tridecane, and alpha-terpineol were higher when cultured in the PM. Conversely, the contents of hexanal, 2-ethylhexanol, and dipentene were lower in the PM group. The photovoltaic fishery culture model has the potential to enhance income through photovoltaic power generation. In addition, this study found that the fatty acid composition of L. vannamei was improved in the PM, without compromising muscle composition or flavor. These results provide a theoretical basis for evaluating the meat quality of L. vannamei under different culture models and offer data to support and guide the promotion of the PM.

The photovoltaic (PV) fishery breeding model integrates the generation of solar energy with aquaculture, yet its impacts on aquatic organisms remain poorly understood. This study investigated how PV panel shading affects the intestinal microbial ecosystem of Litopenaeus vannamei. We conducted a controlled 80-day experiment comparing shrimp reared under PV panels (ZG group) versus those reared in traditional open ponds (CK group), with quadruplicate 800 m² ponds per group under standardized conditions (80 shrimp/m², salinity 15–18‰). High-throughput 16 S rRNA sequencing was employed to analyze microbial composition, diversity, and predicted functional profiles. The growth data were collected daily during the initial 20-day period and subsequently at five-day intervals thereafter. The results demonstrate that the ZG group exhibited significantly reduced body length compared to the CK group after 20 days of culture (P < 0.05), while body weight was significantly lower after 16 days (P < 0.05).‌ The results of the intestinal microbiota analysis showed that Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the main components of the intestinal microbiota in the CK and ZG groups, while Oceanobacillus and Candidatus_Electronema were present as indicator species in the CK and ZG groups, respectively. Analysis of the Chao1 index and Shannon index revealed no significant differences in either the diversity or evenness of the intestinal microbiota of L. vannamei among the experimental groups. In addition, significant differences between the groups were detected by the β-diversity analysis. A predicted bacterial function analysis also revealed significant differences in functional abundance between the two groups. This study provides critical insight into how PV shading alters shrimp microbiota and growth performance, offering practical guidance for optimizing sustainable PV-aquaculture integrated systems.