The Orang Asli have been marginalized in many aspects including education. Despite the various support and assistance provided by the government, their development in the educational process is still lagging. However, there are cases of Orang Asli children who have managed to complete their education. The objective of the study is to identify the success factors that help the Orang Asli to be successful in their education. The research is exploratory research using qualitative method, with semi structured interviews as the primary data collection. The respondents are Orang Asli children who have completed their tertiary education. The study found that motivation and the right environment are the two important factors that contributed to the success of the respondents in the study. Environment factor is inclusive of parental, familial and societal contribution to the development of the Orang Asli education. Hence, providing the right motivation and creating the correct environment for the Orang Asli children would help them to complete their education. However, the findings are limited to the selected Orang Asli tribes and cannot be generalized to the whole Orang Asli in the country. Nonetheless, the findings provided relevant insights into the Orang Asli education and can serve as a platform for future studies.

The Malaysian community has been impacted by the government development programs that were put in place. The effects of development that have been changing the socio-economic atmosphere of the populations are not limited to mainstream races but also to vulnerable communities like Orang Asli. Many development programs have been implemented to uplift the well-being of Orang Asli since before Independence Day in 1957. Thus, this study aims to investigate the efficiency of socio-economic support programs in the Orang Asli community to bring them out of multidimensional poverty. This study was done on the head of household (HoH) of the Orang Asli community living near the National Park in Pahang. SEM Amos analysis was used to validate all the hypotheses of dependent variables: education, health, the standard of living, and wealth. Only the indicators in the health dimension have negative values. This indicates that both indicators, child mortality rate and nutrition, are good in all three Orang Asli settlements. Besides that, logistic regression shows that only the indicators in the health dimension have negative values, indicating that both indicators, child mortality rate and child nutrition, are good in all three Orang Asli settlements. Therefore, any responsible bodies need to emphasise these particular deprivation matters to uplift the well-being status of the Orang Asli. In addition, serious involvement in the tourism sector is the better option to bring this community out of deprivation as they live in an attractive and tourism-driven area, the National Park.

This study investigated the self-directed learning readiness (SDLR) of 944 Malay undergraduate students in a Malaysian university, using Guglielmino’s Self-directed Learning Readiness Survey (1977), which is a 58-item Likert scale questionnaire that uses the Delphi technique to identify the level of SDLR of adult learners. Results indicate that the majority of the participants possess a moderate readiness level. The age-based analysis, though less relevant due to a predominantly young demographic, still indicates a need for facilitation in their learning journeys. These findings underscore the importance of tailored strategies and support mechanisms (i.e., guidance from instructors) to enhance educational outcomes.

Lake Toba is the world's largest caldera lake, located in North Sumatra Province. Lake Toba is the largest lake in Indonesia, designated as one of the National Super Priority Destinations. The beauty of Lake Toba and its abundant natural resources are the main attractions for nature tourism activities. One strategic way to develop it is by offering unique nature tourism with a creative management approach. A creative approach to nature tourism management is essential for preserving culture, natural resources, and the role of local communities. This study aims to identify the distribution and development of creative nature tourism practices, as well as the factors that influence the appeal of creative nature tourism in the outer ring road of Lake Toba, specifically the Aek Nauli-Merek section. This study uses a mixed method by combining a qualitative descriptive analysis model to support quantitative analysis (as the main approach) through multiple linear regression tests to identify factors that influence the appeal of creative nature tourism. This study found that only 11 of the 49 natural tourist attractions along the Aek Nauli–Merek section, Lake Toba, offer creative attractions such as flying fox, tree houses, cargo nets, Burma Bridge, suspension bridges, hanging swings, tree cages, pottery swings, tree homestays, king kong rides, and unique selfie spots. Among the seven predictor factors tested, only the use of technology, pricing, and uniqueness significantly influence the attractiveness of creative natural attractions. These findings suggest that destination managers should prioritize these factors to increase visitor interest, guide marketing strategies, and ensure sustainable tourism development in the Lake Toba region, North Sumatra, Indonesia, and other similar regions.