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Dr. Leonidas Bourikas
Lancaster University, School of Architecture

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0 Architecture
0 Energy & the Environment
0 Comfort
0 Urban air quality
0 Building energy performance

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Journal article
Published: 11 February 2021 in Energies
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The energy sector and electricity generation in particular, is responsible for a great share of the global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. World electricity generation is still largely based on the burning of fossil fuels. However, Brazil has already a very low electricity carbon intensity due to the country’s large hydropower capacity. In countries with low grid carbon intensities such as Brazil, the investment in photovoltaic solar systems (PVSS) even if it is cost-effective, might become challenging as any new generation competes essentially against other renewable generation and the carbon offset is not a key driver for investment anymore. This study builds further upon that case to examine if national renewable energy incentives could actually lead to an increase of global net carbon emissions from the installation of PVSS in countries with a low grid carbon intensity. The study presents a life cycle analysis (LCA) of ten photovoltaic systems representative of the different operational conditions in regions across Brazil. It was found that the average energy payback time of the studied PV plants is between 3 and 5 years of operation. This result shows the feasibility and viability of such investments in the Brazilian context. When the LCA was integrated into the analysis though, the results showed that the “local” direct emissions avoidance from two out of ten studied PV plants would not manage to offset their “global” life cycle emissions due to the 2020 projected Brazilian grid emission factor which is already low. It is important to recognize that public policies of unrestricted, unconditional stimulus to photovoltaic systems investment might not help towards reducing global net emissions when the PV systems are installed at countries with a low carbon emission electric matrix. That is also something to consider for other countries as the carbon intensity of their grids will start reducing at levels similar to Brazil’s. It is likely that in the near future, the real net carbon offset achieved by PV systems at the global level will be largely defined by the manufacture procedures and the production’s carbon intensity at the country of origin of the PV panels.

ACS Style

Gabriel Lima; Andre Toledo; Leonidas Bourikas. The Role of National Energy Policies and Life Cycle Emissions of PV Systems in Reducing Global Net Emissions of Greenhouse Gases. Energies 2021, 14, 961 .

AMA Style

Gabriel Lima, Andre Toledo, Leonidas Bourikas. The Role of National Energy Policies and Life Cycle Emissions of PV Systems in Reducing Global Net Emissions of Greenhouse Gases. Energies. 2021; 14 (4):961.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gabriel Lima; Andre Toledo; Leonidas Bourikas. 2021. "The Role of National Energy Policies and Life Cycle Emissions of PV Systems in Reducing Global Net Emissions of Greenhouse Gases." Energies 14, no. 4: 961.

Journal article
Published: 09 January 2021 in Energies
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Current research on human comfort has identified a gap in the investigation of multi-domain perception interactions. There is a lack of understanding the interrelationships of different physio-socio-psychological factors and the manifestation of their contextual interactions into cross-modal comfort perception. In that direction, this study used data from a post occupancy evaluation survey (n = 26), two longitudinal comfort studies (n = 1079 and n = 52) and concurrent measurements of indoor environmental quality factors (one building) to assess the effect of thermal, acoustic and air quality perception interactions on comfort and satisfaction of occupants in three mixed-mode university office buildings. The study concluded that thermal sensation (TSV) is associated with both air quality (ASV) and noise perception (NSV). The crossed effect of the interaction of air quality and noise perception on thermal sensation was not evident. The key finding was the significant correlation of operative temperature (Top) with TSV as expected, but also with noise perception and overall acoustic comfort. Regarding the crossed main effects on thermal sensation, a significant effect was found for the interactions of (1) Top and (2) sound pressure levels (SPL30) with air quality perception respectively. Most importantly, this study has highlighted the importance of air quality perception in achieving occupants’ comfort and satisfaction with office space.

ACS Style

Leonidas Bourikas; Stephanie Gauthier; Nicholas Khor Song En; Peiyao Xiong. Effect of Thermal, Acoustic and Air Quality Perception Interactions on the Comfort and Satisfaction of People in Office Buildings. Energies 2021, 14, 333 .

AMA Style

Leonidas Bourikas, Stephanie Gauthier, Nicholas Khor Song En, Peiyao Xiong. Effect of Thermal, Acoustic and Air Quality Perception Interactions on the Comfort and Satisfaction of People in Office Buildings. Energies. 2021; 14 (2):333.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Leonidas Bourikas; Stephanie Gauthier; Nicholas Khor Song En; Peiyao Xiong. 2021. "Effect of Thermal, Acoustic and Air Quality Perception Interactions on the Comfort and Satisfaction of People in Office Buildings." Energies 14, no. 2: 333.

Conference paper
Published: 21 November 2020 in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
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Research indicates that school children have lower comfort levels than adults and this exacerbates the challenge of tackling the risks of summer overheating in schools without resorting to air conditioning. UN SDG 13 calls for climate action to strengthen the resilience of our cities and reduce the impact of climate change. In this work, a modern, naturally ventilated school in Southampton, UK was used to evaluate single, "hard", passive retrofit measures and "soft", building management solutions that could increase the wellbeing of students and reduce current and future demand for cooling. The school was selected as it represents the current standardised design guidance for schools released in 2012 by the Department of Education (DfE). The research presents air temperature observations collected during the summer of 2015. Dynamic thermal modelling was undertaken to evaluate passive retrofit and "soft" solutions to reduce the overheating risk. The model was validated with temperature data collected from the school classrooms. The results indicate that (a) such school buildings have high likelihood of overheating, based on children's comfort temperatures and (b) passive retrofits focused on shading and ventilation could help to reduce the classroom temperature when required. It is recommended that "soft" adaptive solutions will prove effective to reduce future air conditioning demand, but this will require a radical change in established practices. Achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals by 2030 will require to rethink and redesign urban living and city infrastructures.

ACS Style

J Stephen; L Bourikas; D Teli; A S Bahaj; R Congreve. Internal thermal environment and futureproofing of a newly built, naturally ventilated UK school. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2020, 588, 032071 .

AMA Style

J Stephen, L Bourikas, D Teli, A S Bahaj, R Congreve. Internal thermal environment and futureproofing of a newly built, naturally ventilated UK school. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2020; 588 (3):032071.

Chicago/Turabian Style

J Stephen; L Bourikas; D Teli; A S Bahaj; R Congreve. 2020. "Internal thermal environment and futureproofing of a newly built, naturally ventilated UK school." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 588, no. 3: 032071.

Journal article
Published: 13 October 2020 in Sustainability
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A discussion of sustainability in architecture cannot be meaningfully carried out without the inclusion of most buildings’ central purpose, namely the provision of indoor environments that are accommodating of occupants’ needs and requirements. To this end, building designers and operators are expected to demonstrate compliance with codes and standards pertaining to indoor environmental quality (IEQ). However, the majority of conventional IEQ standards, codes, and guidelines have a single-domain character, in that they address IEQ in terms of a number of isolated domains (i.e., thermal, visual, acoustic, air quality). In this context, the present contribution explores the current state of multi-domain IEQ evaluation approaches and the necessary conditions for their further development and application. Toward this end, a number of common building rating schemes were selected and analyzed in detail. The results of this assessment imply the necessity of both short-term improvements of the existing schemes in terms of the transparency and plausibility of the applied point allocation and weighting strategies and the fundamental need for a deeper empirically grounded understanding of the nature of occupants’ perception of and behavior in the built environments.

ACS Style

Ardeshir Mahdavi; Christiane Berger; Veselina Bochukova; Leonidas Bourikas; Runa Hellwig; Quan Jin; Anna Pisello; Marcel Schweiker. Necessary Conditions for Multi-Domain Indoor Environmental Quality Standards. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8439 .

AMA Style

Ardeshir Mahdavi, Christiane Berger, Veselina Bochukova, Leonidas Bourikas, Runa Hellwig, Quan Jin, Anna Pisello, Marcel Schweiker. Necessary Conditions for Multi-Domain Indoor Environmental Quality Standards. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (20):8439.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ardeshir Mahdavi; Christiane Berger; Veselina Bochukova; Leonidas Bourikas; Runa Hellwig; Quan Jin; Anna Pisello; Marcel Schweiker. 2020. "Necessary Conditions for Multi-Domain Indoor Environmental Quality Standards." Sustainability 12, no. 20: 8439.

Review
Published: 23 March 2020 in Building and Environment
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Building occupants are continuously exposed to multiple indoor environmental stimuli, including thermal, visual, acoustic, and air quality related factors. Moreover, personal and contextual aspects can be regarded as additional domains influencing occupants' perception and behaviour. The scientific literature in this area typically deals with these multiple stimuli in isolation. In contrast to single-domain research, multi-domain research analyses at least two different domains, for example, visual and thermal. The relatively few literature reviews that have considered multi-domain approaches to indoor-environmental perception and behaviour covered only a few dozen articles each. The present contribution addresses this paucity by reviewing 219 scientific papers on interactions and cross-domain effects that influence occupants’ indoor environmental perception and behaviour. The objective of the present review is to highlight motivational backgrounds, key methodologies, and major findings of multi-domain investigations of human perception and behaviour in indoor environments. The in-depth review of these papers provides not only an overview of the state of the art, but also contributes to the identification of existing knowledge gaps in this area and the corresponding need for future research. In particular, many studies use “convenience” variables and samples, there is often a lack of theoretical foundation to studies, and there is little research linking perception to action.

ACS Style

Marcel Schweiker; Eleni Ampatzi; Maedot S. Andargie; Rune Korsholm Andersen; Elie Azar; Verena M. Barthelmes; Christiane Berger; Leonidas Bourikas; Salvatore Carlucci; Giorgia Chinazzo; Lakshmi Prabha Edappilly; Matteo Favero; Stephanie Gauthier; Anja Jamrozik; Michael Kane; Ardeshir Mahdavi; Cristina Piselli; Anna Laura Pisello; Astrid Roetzel; Adam Rysanek; Kunind Sharma; Shengbo Zhang. Review of multi‐domain approaches to indoor environmental perception and behaviour. Building and Environment 2020, 176, 106804 .

AMA Style

Marcel Schweiker, Eleni Ampatzi, Maedot S. Andargie, Rune Korsholm Andersen, Elie Azar, Verena M. Barthelmes, Christiane Berger, Leonidas Bourikas, Salvatore Carlucci, Giorgia Chinazzo, Lakshmi Prabha Edappilly, Matteo Favero, Stephanie Gauthier, Anja Jamrozik, Michael Kane, Ardeshir Mahdavi, Cristina Piselli, Anna Laura Pisello, Astrid Roetzel, Adam Rysanek, Kunind Sharma, Shengbo Zhang. Review of multi‐domain approaches to indoor environmental perception and behaviour. Building and Environment. 2020; 176 ():106804.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marcel Schweiker; Eleni Ampatzi; Maedot S. Andargie; Rune Korsholm Andersen; Elie Azar; Verena M. Barthelmes; Christiane Berger; Leonidas Bourikas; Salvatore Carlucci; Giorgia Chinazzo; Lakshmi Prabha Edappilly; Matteo Favero; Stephanie Gauthier; Anja Jamrozik; Michael Kane; Ardeshir Mahdavi; Cristina Piselli; Anna Laura Pisello; Astrid Roetzel; Adam Rysanek; Kunind Sharma; Shengbo Zhang. 2020. "Review of multi‐domain approaches to indoor environmental perception and behaviour." Building and Environment 176, no. : 106804.

Journal article
Published: 11 March 2020 in Energy and Buildings
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Thermal comfort research has been traditionally based on cross-sectional studies and spatial aggregation of individual surveys at building level. This research design is susceptible to compositional effects and may lead to error in identifying predictors to thermal comfort indices, in particular in relation to adaptive mechanisms. A relationship between comfort and different predictors can be true at an individual level but not evident at the building level. In addition, cross-sectional studies overlook temporal changes in individual thermal perception due to contextual factors. To address these limitations, this study applied a longitudinal research design over 8 to 21 months in eight buildings located in six countries around the world. The dataset comprises of 5,567 individual thermal comfort surveys from 258 participants. The analysis aggregated survey responses at participant level and clustered participants according to their thermal sensation votes (TSV). Four TSV clusters were introduced, representing four different thermal sensation traits. Further analysis reviewed the probability of cluster membership in relation to demographic characteristics and behavioural adaptation. Finally, the analysis at individual level enabled the introduction of a new metric, the thermal zone (Zt), which in this study ranges from 21.5 °C to 26.6 °C. The thermal sensation traits and person-centric thermal zone (Zt) are a first step into the development of new metrics incorporating individual perceived comfort into dynamic building controls for adaptive buildings.

ACS Style

Stephanie Gauthier; Leonidas Bourikas; Farah Al‐Atrash; ChiHye Bae; Chungyoon Chun; Richard de Dear; Runa T. Hellwig; Jungsoo Kim; Suhyun Kwon; Rodrigo Mora; Himani Pandya; Rajan Rawal; Federico Tartarini; Rohit Upadhyay; Andreas Wagner. The colours of comfort: From thermal sensation to person-centric thermal zones for adaptive building strategies. Energy and Buildings 2020, 216, 109936 .

AMA Style

Stephanie Gauthier, Leonidas Bourikas, Farah Al‐Atrash, ChiHye Bae, Chungyoon Chun, Richard de Dear, Runa T. Hellwig, Jungsoo Kim, Suhyun Kwon, Rodrigo Mora, Himani Pandya, Rajan Rawal, Federico Tartarini, Rohit Upadhyay, Andreas Wagner. The colours of comfort: From thermal sensation to person-centric thermal zones for adaptive building strategies. Energy and Buildings. 2020; 216 ():109936.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stephanie Gauthier; Leonidas Bourikas; Farah Al‐Atrash; ChiHye Bae; Chungyoon Chun; Richard de Dear; Runa T. Hellwig; Jungsoo Kim; Suhyun Kwon; Rodrigo Mora; Himani Pandya; Rajan Rawal; Federico Tartarini; Rohit Upadhyay; Andreas Wagner. 2020. "The colours of comfort: From thermal sensation to person-centric thermal zones for adaptive building strategies." Energy and Buildings 216, no. : 109936.

Conference paper
Published: 24 January 2020 in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
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Post-occupancy evaluation (POE) is a process that can reveal the interrelations between key building performance factors and successfully integrate indoor environmental quality, thermal comfort, functionality, environmental strategy and occupants' satisfaction. POE has become a prerequisite for several building certification systems and it is often presented as a method to improve the commissioning of buildings and as a user experience feedback mechanism. This paper is based on a POE undertaken through stages at the University of Southampton Mayflower Halls of Residence complex. The first stage included the evaluation of occupant satisfaction, indoor environment quality and energy use. Results from temperature and relative humidity monitoring and an online POE questionnaire were analysed in the context of energy use, thermal comfort and building controls' functionality. The second part of this study monitored the air temperature in a sub-sample of 30 rooms where the residents participated in a thermal comfort survey with a "right-here-right-now" questionnaire and a portable instrument that monitored air temperature, relative humidity, globe temperature and air velocity in the rooms. This paper presents the results of the POE and discusses approaches for the improvement in the buildings' energy performance and the environmental conditions in the living spaces of the students. Results suggest that current use of controls is not always effective, with implications for the buildings' energy use. Large variability was found in occupants' thermal perception and preferences, which points to a need for occupant-centric solutions. In this study, POE is approached as a dynamic process that could be used to facilitate the responsive interaction of occupants with building systems and deliver through their engagement high energy performance and comfort.

ACS Style

L Bourikas; Despoina Teli; R Amin; P A B James; A S Bahaj. Facilitating responsive interaction between occupants and building systems through dynamic post-occupancy evaluation. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2020, 410, 012021 .

AMA Style

L Bourikas, Despoina Teli, R Amin, P A B James, A S Bahaj. Facilitating responsive interaction between occupants and building systems through dynamic post-occupancy evaluation. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2020; 410 (1):012021.

Chicago/Turabian Style

L Bourikas; Despoina Teli; R Amin; P A B James; A S Bahaj. 2020. "Facilitating responsive interaction between occupants and building systems through dynamic post-occupancy evaluation." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 410, no. 1: 012021.

Conference paper
Published: 01 January 2019 in Living in the Internet of Things (IoT 2019)
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ACS Style

L. Bourikas; P. Turner; A. Bahaj; S. Gauthier; P. James; H. Dalton; N. Allott. Implementing an Iot Approach to Careawareness in the Home. Living in the Internet of Things (IoT 2019) 2019, 1 .

AMA Style

L. Bourikas, P. Turner, A. Bahaj, S. Gauthier, P. James, H. Dalton, N. Allott. Implementing an Iot Approach to Careawareness in the Home. Living in the Internet of Things (IoT 2019). 2019; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

L. Bourikas; P. Turner; A. Bahaj; S. Gauthier; P. James; H. Dalton; N. Allott. 2019. "Implementing an Iot Approach to Careawareness in the Home." Living in the Internet of Things (IoT 2019) , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 20 July 2018 in Energy Economics
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This paper investigates the effects of behavioural interventions on energy conservation in naturally ventilated offices. Our aim is to inform building managers, environmental consultants, and social scientists on the effectiveness of low-cost, easy-to-implement interventions aimed at reducing energy waste and carbon emissions in a setting where individuals do not have direct financial gain and have low awareness of the environmental impact of their actions. The interventions consist of three types of emails with different information content aimed at encouraging recipients not to leave the windows of their office open overnight or during weekends. Our results show that these interventions are effective in promoting energy savings, as the percentage of windows left open by treated occupants is typically halved compared to a control group. We find that the impact of the treatment is stronger when we provide specific information about the energy waste of the building where the email recipients work or when we show them how their behaviour differs from that of their peers. Moreover, our results show that positive behavioural changes are still observed a few weeks after the interventions are terminated, thus suggesting that such interventions do not act only as temporary “cues” which are easily forgotten by recipients.

ACS Style

Carmine Ornaghi; Enrico Costanza; Jacob Kittley-Davies; Leonidas Bourikas; Victoria Aragon; Patrick James. The effect of behavioural interventions on energy conservation in naturally ventilated offices. Energy Economics 2018, 74, 582 -591.

AMA Style

Carmine Ornaghi, Enrico Costanza, Jacob Kittley-Davies, Leonidas Bourikas, Victoria Aragon, Patrick James. The effect of behavioural interventions on energy conservation in naturally ventilated offices. Energy Economics. 2018; 74 ():582-591.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carmine Ornaghi; Enrico Costanza; Jacob Kittley-Davies; Leonidas Bourikas; Victoria Aragon; Patrick James. 2018. "The effect of behavioural interventions on energy conservation in naturally ventilated offices." Energy Economics 74, no. : 582-591.

Journal article
Published: 05 June 2018 in Energy Research & Social Science
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Research on the determinants of direct and indirect energy use has identified a range of relevant socio-economic factors. However, we still know little about possible influences of people's health on their energy use. Do people in poor health use less energy because they are on lower incomes, or do they have additional domestic energy needs as they spend more time at home? Does poor health reduce mobility for all or just some (environmentally-friendly) modes of travel? This paper examines these questions through analysis of the representative UK Understanding Society survey. We find that poor health is generally linked to lower home energy use and lower engagement in all forms of travel. However, once we control for income and other socio-demographic factors, poor health is related to higher electricity consumption. These findings have important policy implications as it means that people in poor health would be additionally burdened by higher cost of electricity but, due to their low mobility, less so by higher cost of energy-intensive forms of travel. While promoting good health could support environmentally-friendly travel, additional measures would be required to prevent a rise of energy-intensive modes of travel.

ACS Style

Milena Büchs; Abubakr Bahaj; Luke Blunden; Leonidas Bourikas; Jane Falkingham; Patrick James; Mamusu Kamanda; Yue Wu. Sick and stuck at home – how poor health increases electricity consumption and reduces opportunities for environmentally-friendly travel in the United Kingdom. Energy Research & Social Science 2018, 44, 250 -259.

AMA Style

Milena Büchs, Abubakr Bahaj, Luke Blunden, Leonidas Bourikas, Jane Falkingham, Patrick James, Mamusu Kamanda, Yue Wu. Sick and stuck at home – how poor health increases electricity consumption and reduces opportunities for environmentally-friendly travel in the United Kingdom. Energy Research & Social Science. 2018; 44 ():250-259.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Milena Büchs; Abubakr Bahaj; Luke Blunden; Leonidas Bourikas; Jane Falkingham; Patrick James; Mamusu Kamanda; Yue Wu. 2018. "Sick and stuck at home – how poor health increases electricity consumption and reduces opportunities for environmentally-friendly travel in the United Kingdom." Energy Research & Social Science 44, no. : 250-259.

Journal article
Published: 26 May 2018 in Energy Policy
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The UK needs to accelerate action to achieve its 80 per cent carbon reduction target by 2050 as it is otherwise in danger of lagging behind. A much discussed question in this context is whether voluntary behaviour change initiatives can make a significant contribution to reaching this target. While providing individuals with general information on climate change or low carbon action is increasingly seen as ineffective, some studies argue that personalised information has greater potential to encourage behaviour change. This mixed methods study examines this claim through a longitudinal field experiment which tested the effectiveness of a carbon calculator interview. It finds that the intervention significantly raised awareness of ways in which participants could reduce their carbon footprint. However, this increased awareness did not translate into measurable behaviour changes in relation to home energy and travel. Qualitative analysis shows that participants refer to infrastructural, social and psychological barriers to change. This indicates that more ambitious government and corporate action is required to speed up carbon reduction.

ACS Style

Milena Büchs; AbuBakr S. Bahaj; Luke Blunden; Leonidas Bourikas; Jane Falkingham; Patrick James; Mamusu Kamanda; Yue Wu. Promoting low carbon behaviours through personalised information? Long-term evaluation of a carbon calculator interview. Energy Policy 2018, 120, 284 -293.

AMA Style

Milena Büchs, AbuBakr S. Bahaj, Luke Blunden, Leonidas Bourikas, Jane Falkingham, Patrick James, Mamusu Kamanda, Yue Wu. Promoting low carbon behaviours through personalised information? Long-term evaluation of a carbon calculator interview. Energy Policy. 2018; 120 ():284-293.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Milena Büchs; AbuBakr S. Bahaj; Luke Blunden; Leonidas Bourikas; Jane Falkingham; Patrick James; Mamusu Kamanda; Yue Wu. 2018. "Promoting low carbon behaviours through personalised information? Long-term evaluation of a carbon calculator interview." Energy Policy 120, no. : 284-293.

Data article
Published: 13 October 2017 in Data in Brief
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This data article presents the UK City LIFE1 data set for the city of Birmingham, UK. UK City LIFE1 is a new, comprehensive and holistic method for measuring the livable sustainability performance of UK cities. The Birmingham data set comprises 346 indicators structured simultaneously (1) within a four-tier, outcome-based framework in order to aid in their interpretation (e.g., promote healthy living and healthy long lives, minimize energy use, uncouple economic vitality from CO2 emissions) and (2) thematically in order to complement government and disciplinary siloes (e.g., health, energy, economy, climate change). Birmingham data for the indicators are presented within an Excel spreadsheet with their type, units, geographic area, year, source, link to secondary data files, data collection method, data availability and any relevant calculations and notes. This paper provides a detailed description of UK city LIFE1 in order to enable comparable data sets to be produced for other UK cities. The Birmingham data set is made publically available at http://epapers.bham.ac.uk/3040/ to facilitate this and to enable further analyses. The UK City LIFE1 Birmingham data set has been used to understand what is known and what is not known about the livable sustainability performance of the city and to inform how Birmingham City Council can take action now to improve its understanding and its performance into the future (see “Improving city-scale measures of livable sustainability: A study of urban measurement and assessment through application to the city of Birmingham, UK” Leach et al. [2]).

ACS Style

Joanne M. Leach; Susan E. Lee; Christopher T. Boyko; Claire J. Coulton; Rachel Cooper; Nicholas Smith; Hélène Joffe; Milena Büchs; James D. Hale; Jonathan P. Sadler; Peter A. Braithwaite; Luke S. Blunden; Valeria De Laurentiis; Dexter V.L. Hunt; AbuBakr S. Bahaj; Katie Barnes; Christopher J. Bouch; Leonidas Bourikas; Marianna Cavada; Andrew Chilvers; Stephen J. Clune; Brian Collins; Ellie Cosgrave; Nick Dunn; Jane Falkingham; Patrick James; Corina Kwami; Martin Locret-Collet; Francesca Medda; Adriana Ortegon; Serena Pollastri; Cosmin Popan; Katerina Psarikidou; Nick Tyler; John Urry; Yue Wu; Victoria Zeeb; Chris D.F. Rogers. Dataset of the livability performance of the city of Birmingham, UK, as measured by its citizen wellbeing, resource security, resource efficiency and carbon emissions. Data in Brief 2017, 15, 691 -695.

AMA Style

Joanne M. Leach, Susan E. Lee, Christopher T. Boyko, Claire J. Coulton, Rachel Cooper, Nicholas Smith, Hélène Joffe, Milena Büchs, James D. Hale, Jonathan P. Sadler, Peter A. Braithwaite, Luke S. Blunden, Valeria De Laurentiis, Dexter V.L. Hunt, AbuBakr S. Bahaj, Katie Barnes, Christopher J. Bouch, Leonidas Bourikas, Marianna Cavada, Andrew Chilvers, Stephen J. Clune, Brian Collins, Ellie Cosgrave, Nick Dunn, Jane Falkingham, Patrick James, Corina Kwami, Martin Locret-Collet, Francesca Medda, Adriana Ortegon, Serena Pollastri, Cosmin Popan, Katerina Psarikidou, Nick Tyler, John Urry, Yue Wu, Victoria Zeeb, Chris D.F. Rogers. Dataset of the livability performance of the city of Birmingham, UK, as measured by its citizen wellbeing, resource security, resource efficiency and carbon emissions. Data in Brief. 2017; 15 ():691-695.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joanne M. Leach; Susan E. Lee; Christopher T. Boyko; Claire J. Coulton; Rachel Cooper; Nicholas Smith; Hélène Joffe; Milena Büchs; James D. Hale; Jonathan P. Sadler; Peter A. Braithwaite; Luke S. Blunden; Valeria De Laurentiis; Dexter V.L. Hunt; AbuBakr S. Bahaj; Katie Barnes; Christopher J. Bouch; Leonidas Bourikas; Marianna Cavada; Andrew Chilvers; Stephen J. Clune; Brian Collins; Ellie Cosgrave; Nick Dunn; Jane Falkingham; Patrick James; Corina Kwami; Martin Locret-Collet; Francesca Medda; Adriana Ortegon; Serena Pollastri; Cosmin Popan; Katerina Psarikidou; Nick Tyler; John Urry; Yue Wu; Victoria Zeeb; Chris D.F. Rogers. 2017. "Dataset of the livability performance of the city of Birmingham, UK, as measured by its citizen wellbeing, resource security, resource efficiency and carbon emissions." Data in Brief 15, no. : 691-695.

Journal article
Published: 29 April 2017 in Sustainability
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Recently, much of the literature on sharing in cities has focused on the sharing economy, in which people use online platforms to share underutilized assets in the marketplace. This view of sharing is too narrow for cities, as it neglects the myriad of ways, reasons, and scales in which citizens share in urban environments. Research presented here by the Liveable Cities team in the form of participant workshops in Lancaster and Birmingham, UK, suggests that a broader approach to understanding sharing in cities is essential. The research also highlighted tools and methods that may be used to help to identify sharing in communities. The paper ends with advice to city stakeholders, such as policymakers, urban planners, and urban designers, who are considering how to enhance sustainability in cities through sharing.

ACS Style

Christopher T. Boyko; Stephen J. Clune; Rachel F. D. Cooper; Claire J. Coulton; Nick S. Dunn; Serena Pollastri; Joanne M. Leach; Christopher J. Bouch; Mariana Cavada; Valeria De Laurentiis; Mike Goodfellow-Smith; James D. Hale; Dan K. G. Hunt; Susan E. Lee; Martin Locret-Collet; Jon P. Sadler; Jonathan Ward; Christopher D. F. Rogers; Cosmin Popan; Katerina Psarikidou; John Urry; Luke S. Blunden; Leonidas Bourikas; Milena Büchs; Jane Falkingham; Mikey Harper; Patrick A. B. James; Mamusu Kamanda; Tatiana Sanches; Philip Turner; Phil Y. Wu; AbuBakr S. Bahaj; Adriana Ortegon; Katie Barnes; Ellie Cosgrave; Paul Honeybone; Helene Joffe; Corina Kwami; Victoria Zeeb; Brian Collins; Nick Tyler. How Sharing Can Contribute to More Sustainable Cities. Sustainability 2017, 9, 701 .

AMA Style

Christopher T. Boyko, Stephen J. Clune, Rachel F. D. Cooper, Claire J. Coulton, Nick S. Dunn, Serena Pollastri, Joanne M. Leach, Christopher J. Bouch, Mariana Cavada, Valeria De Laurentiis, Mike Goodfellow-Smith, James D. Hale, Dan K. G. Hunt, Susan E. Lee, Martin Locret-Collet, Jon P. Sadler, Jonathan Ward, Christopher D. F. Rogers, Cosmin Popan, Katerina Psarikidou, John Urry, Luke S. Blunden, Leonidas Bourikas, Milena Büchs, Jane Falkingham, Mikey Harper, Patrick A. B. James, Mamusu Kamanda, Tatiana Sanches, Philip Turner, Phil Y. Wu, AbuBakr S. Bahaj, Adriana Ortegon, Katie Barnes, Ellie Cosgrave, Paul Honeybone, Helene Joffe, Corina Kwami, Victoria Zeeb, Brian Collins, Nick Tyler. How Sharing Can Contribute to More Sustainable Cities. Sustainability. 2017; 9 (5):701.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christopher T. Boyko; Stephen J. Clune; Rachel F. D. Cooper; Claire J. Coulton; Nick S. Dunn; Serena Pollastri; Joanne M. Leach; Christopher J. Bouch; Mariana Cavada; Valeria De Laurentiis; Mike Goodfellow-Smith; James D. Hale; Dan K. G. Hunt; Susan E. Lee; Martin Locret-Collet; Jon P. Sadler; Jonathan Ward; Christopher D. F. Rogers; Cosmin Popan; Katerina Psarikidou; John Urry; Luke S. Blunden; Leonidas Bourikas; Milena Büchs; Jane Falkingham; Mikey Harper; Patrick A. B. James; Mamusu Kamanda; Tatiana Sanches; Philip Turner; Phil Y. Wu; AbuBakr S. Bahaj; Adriana Ortegon; Katie Barnes; Ellie Cosgrave; Paul Honeybone; Helene Joffe; Corina Kwami; Victoria Zeeb; Brian Collins; Nick Tyler. 2017. "How Sharing Can Contribute to More Sustainable Cities." Sustainability 9, no. 5: 701.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Procedia Environmental Sciences
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ACS Style

Despoina Teli; Leonidas Bourikas; Patrick James; AbuBakr S. Bahaj. Thermal Performance Evaluation of School Buildings using a Children-based Adaptive Comfort Model. Procedia Environmental Sciences 2017, 38, 844 -851.

AMA Style

Despoina Teli, Leonidas Bourikas, Patrick James, AbuBakr S. Bahaj. Thermal Performance Evaluation of School Buildings using a Children-based Adaptive Comfort Model. Procedia Environmental Sciences. 2017; 38 ():844-851.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Despoina Teli; Leonidas Bourikas; Patrick James; AbuBakr S. Bahaj. 2017. "Thermal Performance Evaluation of School Buildings using a Children-based Adaptive Comfort Model." Procedia Environmental Sciences 38, no. : 844-851.

Journal article
Published: 28 October 2016 in Building Research & Information
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Naturally ventilated offices enable users to control their environment through the opening of windows. Whilst this level of control is welcomed by users, it creates risk in terms of energy performance, especially during the heating season. In older office buildings, facilities managers usually obtain energy information at the building level. They are often unaware or unable to respond to non-ideal facade interaction by users often as a result of poor environmental control provision. In the summer months, this may mean poor use of free cooling opportunities, whereas in the winter space heating may be wasteful. This paper describes a low-cost, camera-based system to diagnose automatically the status of each window (open or closed) in a facade. The system is shown to achieve a window status prediction accuracy level of 90–97% across both winter and summer test periods in a case study building. A number of limitations are discussed including winter daylight hours, the impact of rain, and the use of fixed camera locations and how these may be addressed. Options to use this window-opening information to engage with office users are explored.

ACS Style

Leonidas Bourikas; Enrico Costanza; S. Gauthier; P. A. B. James; J. Kittley-Davies; Carmine Ornaghi; A. Rogers; E. Saadatian; Y. Huang. Camera-based window-opening estimation in a naturally ventilated office. Building Research & Information 2016, 46, 148 -163.

AMA Style

Leonidas Bourikas, Enrico Costanza, S. Gauthier, P. A. B. James, J. Kittley-Davies, Carmine Ornaghi, A. Rogers, E. Saadatian, Y. Huang. Camera-based window-opening estimation in a naturally ventilated office. Building Research & Information. 2016; 46 (2):148-163.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Leonidas Bourikas; Enrico Costanza; S. Gauthier; P. A. B. James; J. Kittley-Davies; Carmine Ornaghi; A. Rogers; E. Saadatian; Y. Huang. 2016. "Camera-based window-opening estimation in a naturally ventilated office." Building Research & Information 46, no. 2: 148-163.

Journal article
Published: 08 July 2016 in Future Cities and Environment
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Urban and building energy simulation models are usually driven by typical meteorological year (TMY) weather data often in a TMY2 or EPW format. However, the locations where these historical datasets were collected (usually airports) generally do not represent the local, site specific micro-climates that cities develop. In this paper, a humid sub-tropical climate context has been considered. An idealised “urban unit model” of 250 m radius is being presented as a method of adapting commonly available weather data files to the local micro-climate. This idealized “urban unit model” is based on the main thermal and morphological characteristics of nine sites with residential/institutional (university) use in Hangzhou, China. The area of the urban unit was determined by the region of influence on the air temperature signal at the centre of the unit. Air temperature and relative humidity were monitored and the characteristics of the surroundings assessed (eg green-space, blue-space, built form). The “urban unit model” was then implemented into micro-climatic simulations using a Computational Fluid Dynamics – Surface Energy Balance analysis tool (ENVI-met, Version 4). The “urban unit model” approach used here in the simulations delivered results with performance evaluation indices comparable to previously published work (for air temperature; RMSE 0.9). The micro-climatic simulation results were then used to adapt the air temperature and relative humidity of the TMY file for Hangzhou to represent the local, site specific morphology under three different weather forcing cases, (ie cloudy/rainy weather (Group 1), clear sky, average weather conditions (Group 2) and clear sky, hot weather (Group 3)). Following model validation, two scenarios (domestic and non-domestic building use) were developed to assess building heating and cooling loads against the business as usual case of using typical meteorological year data files. The final “urban weather projections” obtained from the simulations with the “urban unit model” were used to compare the degree days amongst the reference TMY file, the TMY file with a bulk UHI offset and the TMY file adapted for the site-specific micro-climate (TMY-UWP). The comparison shows that Heating Degree Days (HDD) of the TMY file (1598 days) decreased by 6% in the “TMY + UHI” case and 13% in the “TMY-UWP” case showing that the local specific micro-climate is attributed with an additional 7% (ie from 6 to 13%) reduction in relation to the bulk UHI effect in the city. The Cooling Degree Days (CDD) from the “TMY + UHI” file are 17% more than the reference TMY (207 days) and the use of the “TMY-UWP” file results to an additional 14% increase in comparison with the “TMY + UHI” file (ie from 17 to 31%). This difference between the TMY-UWP and the TMY + UHI files is a reflection of the thermal characteristics of the specific urban morphology of the studied sites compared to the wider city. A dynamic thermal simulation tool (TRNSYS) was used to calculate the heating and cooling load demand change in a domestic and a non-domestic building scenario. The heating and cooling loads calculated with the adapted TMY-UWP file show that in both scenarios there is an increase by approximately 20% of the cooling load and a 20% decrease of the heating load. If typical COP values for a reversible air-conditioning system are 2.0 for heating and 3.5 for cooling then the total electricity consumption estimated with the use of the “urbanised” TMY-UWP file will be decreased by 11% in comparison with the “business as usual” (ie reference TMY) case. Overall, it was found that the proposed method is appropriate for urban and building energy performance simulations in humid sub-tropical climate cities such as Hangzhou, addressing some of the shortfalls of current simulation weather data sets such as the TMY.

ACS Style

Leonidas Bourikas; Patrick James; AbuBakr S. Bahaj; Mark Jentsch; Tianfeng Shen; David Chow; Jo Darkwa. Transforming typical hourly simulation weather data files to represent urban locations by using a 3D urban unit representation with micro-climate simulations. Future Cities and Environment 2016, 2, 7 .

AMA Style

Leonidas Bourikas, Patrick James, AbuBakr S. Bahaj, Mark Jentsch, Tianfeng Shen, David Chow, Jo Darkwa. Transforming typical hourly simulation weather data files to represent urban locations by using a 3D urban unit representation with micro-climate simulations. Future Cities and Environment. 2016; 2 ():7.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Leonidas Bourikas; Patrick James; AbuBakr S. Bahaj; Mark Jentsch; Tianfeng Shen; David Chow; Jo Darkwa. 2016. "Transforming typical hourly simulation weather data files to represent urban locations by using a 3D urban unit representation with micro-climate simulations." Future Cities and Environment 2, no. : 7.

Journal article
Published: 08 July 2016 in Future Cities and Environment
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Urban and building energy simulation models are usually driven by typical meteorological year (TMY) weather data often in a TMY2 or EPW format. However, the locations where these historical datasets were collected (usually airports) generally do not represent the local, site specific micro-climates that cities develop. In this paper, a humid sub-tropical climate context has been considered. An idealised “urban unit model” of 250 m radius is being presented as a method of adapting commonly available weather data files to the local micro-climate. This idealized “urban unit model” is based on the main thermal and morphological characteristics of nine sites with residential/institutional (university) use in Hangzhou, China. The area of the urban unit was determined by the region of influence on the air temperature signal at the centre of the unit. Air temperature and relative humidity were monitored and the characteristics of the surroundings assessed (eg green-space, blue-space, built form). The “urban unit model” was then implemented into micro-climatic simulations using a Computational Fluid Dynamics – Surface Energy Balance analysis tool (ENVI-met, Version 4). The “urban unit model” approach used here in the simulations delivered results with performance evaluation indices comparable to previously published work (for air temperature; RMSE 0.9). The micro-climatic simulation results were then used to adapt the air temperature and relative humidity of the TMY file for Hangzhou to represent the local, site specific morphology under three different weather forcing cases, (ie cloudy/rainy weather (Group 1), clear sky, average weather conditions (Group 2) and clear sky, hot weather (Group 3)). Following model validation, two scenarios (domestic and non-domestic building use) were developed to assess building heating and cooling loads against the business as usual case of using typical meteorological year data files. The final “urban weather projections” obtained from the simulations with the “urban unit model” were used to compare the degree days amongst the reference TMY file, the TMY file with a bulk UHI offset and the TMY file adapted for the site-specific micro-climate (TMY-UWP). The comparison shows that Heating Degree Days (HDD) of the TMY file (1598 days) decreased by 6% in the “TMY + UHI” case and 13% in the “TMY-UWP” case showing that the local specific micro-climate is attributed with an additional 7% (ie from 6 to 13%) reduction in relation to the bulk UHI effect in the city. The Cooling Degree Days (CDD) from the “TMY + UHI” file are 17% more than the reference TMY (207 days) and the use of the “TMY-UWP” file results to an additional 14% increase in comparison with the “TMY + UHI” file (ie from 17 to 31%). This difference between the TMY-UWP and the TMY + UHI files is a reflection of the thermal characteristics of the specific urban morphology of the studied sites compared to the wider city. A dynamic thermal simulation tool (TRNSYS) was used to calculate the heating and cooling load demand change in a domestic and a non-domestic building scenario. The heating and cooling loads calculated with the adapted TMY-UWP file show that in both scenarios there is an increase by approximately 20% of the cooling load and a 20% decrease of the heating load. If typical COP values for a reversible air-conditioning system are 2.0 for heating and 3.5 for cooling then the total electricity consumption estimated with the use of the “urbanised” TMY-UWP file will be decreased by 11% in comparison with the “business as usual” (ie reference TMY) case. Overall, it was found that the proposed method is appropriate for urban and building energy performance simulations in humid sub-tropical climate cities such as Hangzhou, addressing some of the shortfalls of current simulation weather data sets such as the TMY.

ACS Style

Leonidas Bourikas; Patrick A. B. James; AbuBakr S. Bahaj; Mark F. Jentsch; Tianfeng Shen; David H. C. Chow; Jo Darkwa. Transforming typical hourly simulation weather data files to represent urban locations by using a 3D urban unit representation with micro-climate simulations. Future Cities and Environment 2016, 2, 7 .

AMA Style

Leonidas Bourikas, Patrick A. B. James, AbuBakr S. Bahaj, Mark F. Jentsch, Tianfeng Shen, David H. C. Chow, Jo Darkwa. Transforming typical hourly simulation weather data files to represent urban locations by using a 3D urban unit representation with micro-climate simulations. Future Cities and Environment. 2016; 2 ():7.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Leonidas Bourikas; Patrick A. B. James; AbuBakr S. Bahaj; Mark F. Jentsch; Tianfeng Shen; David H. C. Chow; Jo Darkwa. 2016. "Transforming typical hourly simulation weather data files to represent urban locations by using a 3D urban unit representation with micro-climate simulations." Future Cities and Environment 2, no. : 7.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2016 in Energy and Buildings
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Highlights•A mixed methods study in diversity in thermal preference based on thermal history.•Mean room temperature difference of 2 °C between residents from cool and warm climates.•Mean monitored temperature found to be correlated with overall comfort temperature.•Indoor environment standards do not account for diversity in occupant thermal history. AbstractAdaptive comfort theory states that over time people adapt to their normal environment. Therefore, people from different climates are expected to have different thermal preferences and behaviours, which could lead to ‘performance gap’ in buildings with occupants of diverse climate backgrounds. This study investigates the influence of occupants’ thermal history on use of controls and indoor temperature preference in a newly built halls of residence building complex in Southampton, UK, which provides 1104 rooms to international and UK students. A total of 223 questionnaire responses along with monitored temperature data and thermal comfort surveys from 30 rooms are used in this analysis.The results indicate that residents’ ‘home’ climate is impacting the reported use of environmental controls in rooms with similar typological characteristics. The average indoor temperature of residents from warm climates was 2.3 °C higher than that of residents from cool climates in February 2015 (winter heating season). This difference cannot be explained by room orientation alone. Comparison of room temperatures to design values indicates that UK design standards may not account for the comfort needs of residents accustomed to warmer climates. A simple management approach to comfort optimisation is suggested, locating students on the appropriately orientated facade to reflect their ‘home’ climate.

ACS Style

Rucha Amin; Despoina Teli; Patrick James; Leonidas Bourikas. The influence of a student’s ‘home’ climate on room temperature and indoor environmental controls use in a modern halls of residence. Energy and Buildings 2016, 119, 331 -339.

AMA Style

Rucha Amin, Despoina Teli, Patrick James, Leonidas Bourikas. The influence of a student’s ‘home’ climate on room temperature and indoor environmental controls use in a modern halls of residence. Energy and Buildings. 2016; 119 ():331-339.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rucha Amin; Despoina Teli; Patrick James; Leonidas Bourikas. 2016. "The influence of a student’s ‘home’ climate on room temperature and indoor environmental controls use in a modern halls of residence." Energy and Buildings 119, no. : 331-339.

Journal article
Published: 31 July 2013 in Renewable Energy
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Building performance and solar energy system simulations are typically undertaken with standardised weather files which do not generally consider future climate predictions. This paper investigates the generation of climate change adapted simulation weather data for locations worldwide from readily available data sets. An approach is presented for ‘morphing’ existing EnergyPlus/ESP-r Weather (EPW) data with UK Met Office Hadley Centre general circulation model (GCM) predictions for a ‘medium–high’ emissions scenario (A2). It was found that, for the United Kingdom (UK), the GCM ‘morphed’ data shows a smoothing effect relative to data generated from the corresponding regional climate model (RCM) outputs. This is confirmed by building performance simulations of a naturally ventilated UK office building which highlight a consistent temperature distribution profile between GCM and RCM ‘morphed’ data, yet with a shift in the distribution. It is demonstrated that, until more detailed RCM data becomes available globally, ‘morphing’ with GCM data can be considered as a viable interim approach to generating climate change adapted weather data.

ACS Style

Mark F. Jentsch; Patrick A.B. James; Leonidas Bourikas; AbuBakr S. Bahaj. Transforming existing weather data for worldwide locations to enable energy and building performance simulation under future climates. Renewable Energy 2013, 55, 514 -524.

AMA Style

Mark F. Jentsch, Patrick A.B. James, Leonidas Bourikas, AbuBakr S. Bahaj. Transforming existing weather data for worldwide locations to enable energy and building performance simulation under future climates. Renewable Energy. 2013; 55 ():514-524.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mark F. Jentsch; Patrick A.B. James; Leonidas Bourikas; AbuBakr S. Bahaj. 2013. "Transforming existing weather data for worldwide locations to enable energy and building performance simulation under future climates." Renewable Energy 55, no. : 514-524.