Background: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is one of the most common and burdensome sleep disorders in the course of multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: To evaluate common MS-related symptoms and consequences between groups with and without RLS and further assess the association of quality of life determinants with RLS symptom severity. Methods: According to their RLS status, 46 relapsing-remitting MS patients were divided into MS-RLS+ (n=19) and MS-RLS- groups (n=27). Specific questionnaires were administered to assess the patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL), fatigue levels, sleep quality, daily sleepiness, anxiety, and depression symptoms. Functional capacity was examined using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Results: The prevalence of RLS was 41.3%. Compared to the MS-RLS- group, those with RLS had higher EDSS scores, more cranial and spinal lesions, longer disease duration, and were older. In the MS-RLS+ group, symptom severity scores were positively correlated with higher anxiety and poorer sleep quality. The symptom severity score was negatively correlated with mental HRQoL and pain scores. Conclusion: In conclusion, the findings of the current study indicate the negative impact of RLS on functional capacity, anxiety, sleep quality, and mental HRQoL of MS patients. Further studies using more accurate diagnostic strategies for identifying RLS and other sleep disorders are necessary to clarify the association of MS with RLS and explore relevant clinical implications.

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is an emerging autoimmune demyelinating disorder distinct from multiple sclerosis and AQP4-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica. Despite increasing recognition, no therapies are currently approved for MOGAD, and treatment remains empirical, with significant variability in clinical response and access to care. This review explores the evolving treatment landscape of adult MOGAD, with a focus on immunotherapies under active clinical investigation: azathioprine, tocilizumab, satralizumab, and rozanolixizumab. For each agent, we discuss mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, dosing, safety, and efficacy based on clinical trials and observational data. Literature was identified through PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov, including ongoing phase 2/3 studies (MOGwAI, TOMATO, METEOROID, and cosMOG). Targeted immunotherapies have the potential to transform MOGAD management. In the next five years, one or more of these agents may achieve regulatory approval, particularly if biomarker-driven strategies and trial designs are refined. Addressing unmet needs in pediatric populations and low-resource settings will be essential to ensure equitable, personalized treatment.

Introduction: In the general population, the rate of older people seeking healthcare would increase. Understanding underlying factors that determine positive and negative attitudes towards the elderly is essential to give better healthcare.Methods: One-hundred and sixty-nine physicians participated in the study. Participants answered an online questionnaire consists of sociodemographic information, and the University of California at the Los Angeles Geriatrics Attitude (UCLA-GA) scale to evaluate the attitudes towards the geriatric population.Results: The attitude towards the elderly by internist, neurologist, and psychiatrist was comparable. Relationship with positive attitude and specialties, gender, age, marital status, duration of specialty expertise, and having geriatrics education and monthly followed-up elderly patients was not significant. The positive attitude was significantly related to having an elderly relative.Conclusions: In our study, although neurologists received more geriatric education, and mostly seen inpatient and outpatient patients, their attitudes towards geriatric patients were similar to psychiatry and internal medicine specialists. In addition, we observed that positive attitudes in elderly patients were significantly associated with having a relative over 65 years old. Education curriculum should include programs increasing the exposure to healthy older people may increase positive attitude rates. The organization of working programs should be carried out considering the necessity of a long time to evaluate the elderly.