The healthcare sector is a highly regulated environment that is subject to numerous constraints. Standards around medical protocol, medical device certification, and data protection ensure that the wellbeing and privacy of patients is protected during all encounters with the healthcare system. However, a gap has opened up between the need to meet these constraints, improve performance, and also deliver good patient experience. For example, the medical protocol for hypertension during pregnancy establishes a set of clinically validated treatment guidelines, but does not consider the unique nature of patient experience. We assert that design research principles can be used to create visual tools that pay homage to these constraints and performance improvement goals without compromising patient experience. In this paper, we describe such a tool that has been developed during a healthcare project using a human-centred design research approach. The integrated tool for patient journey mapping addresses the shortcomings of existing methodologies by supporting multidisciplinary practitioners in designing healthcare solutions that meet the demands of existing constraints, performance improvement, and patient experience. In addition, we document how patient journey maps were used on the project to facilitate collaboration among a team of multidisciplinary stakeholders.

The focus of this book is on the most important class of enterprise system, namely Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. Organisations typically take the decision to employ ERP systems in an attempt to streamline existing processes. Once these systems are in place, however, their success depends on the effectiveness of the implementation, and on the additional benefits that can be obtained by further leveraging the technology. In this book, the editors have assembled some of the world's best research on ERP systems, with a view to providing a foundation for second wave improvements to enterprise systems. Written primarily for managers and consultants, this book is also an ideal reference for business schools and researchers.

Background: Health information technology (HIT) and associated data analytics offer significant opportunities for tackling some of the more complex challenges currently facing the health care sector. However, to deliver robust health care service improvements, it is essential that HIT solutions be designed by parallelly considering the 3 core pillars of health care quality: clinical effectiveness, patient safety, and patient experience. This requires multidisciplinary teams to design interventions that both adhere to medical protocols and achieve the tripartite goals of effectiveness, safety, and experience. Objective: In this paper, we present a design tool called Integrated Patient Journey Mapping (IPJM) that was developed to assist multidisciplinary teams in designing effective HIT solutions to address the 3 core pillars of health care quality. IPJM is intended to support the analysis of requirements as well as to promote empathy and the emergence of shared commitment and understanding among multidisciplinary teams. Methods: A 6-month, in-depth case study was conducted to derive findings on the use of IPJM during Learning to Evaluate Blood Pressure at Home (LEANBH), a connected health project that developed an HIT solution for the perinatal health context. Data were collected from over 700 hours of participant observations and 10 semistructured interviews. Results: The findings indicate that IPJM offered a constructive tool for multidisciplinary teams to work together in designing an HIT solution, through mapping the physical and emotional journey of patients for both the current service and the proposed connected health service. This allowed team members to consider the goals, tasks, constraints, and actors involved in the delivery of this journey and to capture requirements for the digital touchpoints of the connected health service. Conclusions: Overall, IPJM facilitates the design and implementation of complex HITs that require multidisciplinary participation.

The role of intuition in decision making has been extensively researched and the body of research which has explored human decision making is vast and complex. Some researchers have remarked that managers rarely have the luxury of basing their decisions on orderly rational analysis and depend on intuition and judgement. To research the role of intuition and capture how to best harness it, we applied a Naturalistic approach in a retrospective case of decision making by an expert neonatologist. We review the tangible and objective elements available when key decisions had to be made and analysed the role of reasoning, judgement and intuition. Our results indicate that the delivery room is a space where experts must still rely on ad-hoc decision-making processes and where subjectivity is very present. IT could be used to promote evidence-based decision making, but expert intuition remains essential.