This study was conducted on 5-year-old tissue culture-derived date palm cv. Barhi to investigate the impact of superabsorbent polymer with three dosages (0, 250, 500) grams per tree and irrigation intervals of (5, 10, 30) days on biochemical characteristics of the leaves. A randomized complete block design was used in a factorial experiment (3x3) with three replicates. Results showed that the 500 g tree‾¹ polymer dosage had a significant effect on total soluble carbohydrates, while the 250 g tree‾¹ polymer dosage was superior to the other dosages in enhancing superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity. Findings also showed that control treatment (0 g tree‾¹ polymer dosage) was the best in increasing total phenol, peroxidase (POD) activity, amino acids and proline. As for the effect of irrigation periods, the 30-day irrigation interval significantly affected total phenol, SOD and POD activities, amino acids and proline by recording the highest values compared to the rest irrigation periods, whereas the 5-day irrigation period outperformed the others in increasing of total soluble carbohydrates in leaves. The interaction between 0 g tree‾¹ polymer dosage irrigation every 30 days gave the highest rate of proline (10.123 μg g‾¹), while the treatment of 500 g tree‾¹ polymer and the irrigation every 5 days gave the lowest rate (3.897) μg g‾¹.

The study was conducted at Taj Al-Nahrain station in Al- Diwaniyah Governorate, which Is approximately 200 km from the center of Dhi Qar Governorate, for the period from 10/2/2021 to 1/4/2022.And the laboratory part of the study was conducted In the Molecular Genetics Laboratory of the Marshes Research Center at Dhi Qar University. The study includeincludeed 49 Holstein cows Imported in their third productive season, Blood samples were drawn from them for the purpose of separating the genetic material (DNA) from It and studying the heat shock protein HSPA6 gene and knowing Its relationship to milk production characteristics In Holstein cows ,The results showed the nucleotide sequence on the 475bp gene segment extracted from the HSP70B gene the presence of the point mutation G˃T.113 was detected In the third exon of the above gene In the cattle sample under study. And the mutation discovered In the studied piece of the HSP70B gene was a missense mutation and It worked to change the code for the amino acid valine to private code With the amino acid lucine .Three genotypes were shown: GG, GT, and TT. Groups of cows carrying the genotypes (GG, GT and TT) did not differ significantly among themselves in the characteristics of milk components, but an arithmetic superiority between the three genotypes was noticed and referred to in all the studied traits.

A study was conducted on a 5-year-old tissue culture- derived date palm cv. Barhi will investigate the effect of superabsorbent polymer and irrigation intervals on changes in the protein patterns of leaves. The soil was treated with a super absorbent polymer (Green Back) (0, 250, 500) grams per tree added to the root zone with a depth of 50 cm and a width of 30 cm. Trees were irrigated every 5, 10, and 30 days. Leaves were dried using a freeze – dryer (a lyophilization technology). The Slab-Electrophoresis method was used in the presence of SDS to electrophorese the proteins on a polyacrylamide gel. Aspecialized program called Photo Capt Mw was used to estimate and illustrate the ' molecular weights of the ptoteins. The analysis of the protein pattern of the leaves revealed that all trees could identify the first and second protein bands on the polyacrylamide gel. The molecular weights in the first band ranged from 187.048 to 225.000 KDa, while the molecular weights of the proteins in the second band ranged from 137.137 to 150.000 KDa. That suggests they all originate from the same plant, Barhi cv. The protein pattern data demonstrated that the treatments affected the trees' gene expression, creating new protein bands, which reached seven bands at 10- and 30-day watering intervals. The treatments encourage the cells to produce new proteins that promote the growth markers. The treatments triggered the process of gene expression and the synthesis of new proteins, which improve plant growth and drought resistance.

The experiment was carried out at the fabric canopy of Hort. and the Landscape Design Department, Agriculture College, Basra University., for the 2024-2025 season so as to determine the efficiency of organic fertilizer, ascorbic and salicylic acids applications on growth indicators, active components of olive leaves . A factorial experiment was designed with two factors: the first was soil application of organic fertilizer (Green Gold), rich in seaweed and amino acids, at three levels (0, 3, 6) ml.l ⁻¹ , and the second was (50, 100) mg.1 ⁻¹ ascorbic acid and (150, 300) mg.l ⁻¹ salicylic acid foliar sprays, besides a control treatment 0 mg.l ⁻¹ by using a Randomized Complete Block with three replicates for each treatment. Results of this study demonstrated that the organic fertilizer soil application treatment of at two concentrations (6 ml. l ⁻¹ and 3 ml. l ⁻¹ ) was superior to the control treatment (0 ml.l ⁻¹ ) in increasing the plant height, leaf number and area, and the concentrations of total chlorophyll and carotene. Spraying 100 mg. l ⁻¹ ascorbic acid and 300 mg. l ⁻¹ salicylic acid was superior in increasing the above mentioned characteristics, thus improving a vegetative growth . GC-mass analysis of the leaf extract revealed 79 active compounds, the most concentrated of which were butanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-methyl-2-propenyl ester with a peak area of 17.548%, valeric anhydride with a peak area of 13.125%, 1-Penten-3-one with a peak area of 5.900% and octanal dimethyl acetal with a peak area of 5.543%

Palm trees are economic trees in the world, and the similarity in fruit characteristics may be since they are strains that belong to the same original variety. The current study was conducted during the growing season 2022-2023 on date palm tree cultivars "Barhi and Deglet Barhi", which were grown in one of the orchards in Balad location, north of Baghdad. The trees were subjected to the same agricultural practices and pollinated using pollen grains of the "Ghannami Ahmer" male cultivar. Fruit clusters per palm were adjusted to eight. A factorial experiment was designed using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two factors and the results showed that there were significant differences in the vegetative growth and floral indicators between the two cultivars, as Barhi was significantly superior to Deglet Barhi in circumference of trunk, leaf length and width, length of the pinnae zone, length of the spine zone and length and weight of spadix. As for changes in the physical and chemical characteristics of fruits, Deglet Barhi cultivar was superior to Barhi one in the fresh weight of the fruit, the fresh weight of the fruit flesh, the volume of the fruit, and water content of fruits, while the Barhi cultivar was the best in total soluble solids and total and reduced sugars. Regarding the yield and its components, the Barhi cultivar outperformed the Deglet Barhi cultivar in the number of spikes per cluster and the number of fruits per spike, cluster weight, and date palm yield. The current study aims to compare the vegetative and floral indicators, yield, and qualitative characteristics of date palm fruits of Barhi and Deglet Barhi cultivars.