Kaempferia galanga included in the Zingiberaceae family is one of the potential medicinal plants with aromatic rhizome. In traditional medicine in Asian countries, this plant is widely used by local practitioners. This plant is widely cultivated in most Southeast Asian countries such as Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia. Ethyl-para-methoxycinnamate and ethyl-cinnamate are found as the main compounds in hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol extracts of K. galanga. This plant is traditionally used as an expectorant, stimulant, diuretic, carminative, and antipyretic remedy. In addition, K. galanga is used for treatment of diabetes, hypertension, cough, asthma, joint fractures, rheumatism, urticaria, vertigo, and intestinal injuries. Therefore, this study aimed to give a sneak peek view on galangal’s ethnobotany, toxicology, pharmacology, and phytochemistry.

Indonesia has abundant medicinal plants, which have been historically used by the population in treating diseases for generations. Traditional Indonesian medicine and the medicinal plants used could lead to the discovery of novel drugs. For example, Muntingia calabura L., also known as kersen, is a well-known medicinal plant that has been used to treat various diseases worldwide. The pharmacological activities and phytochemical composition of the whole plant of M. calabura L. have been investigated and identified by scientists in recent decades. These studies have established the therapeutic potential of kersen for drug discovery. This present review provides an overview of the ethnopharmacology, pharmacology, and phytochemistry of M. calabura L. as they relate to its use against severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is an infectious disease characterized by non-specific laboratory changes and clinical signs. Clinical symptoms include anorexia, jaundice, fever, and weight loss. Moreover, some lesions are found in the digestive and respiratory systems. FIP, whose virulence varies, cannot be distinguished using several diagnostic methods. Moreover, feline coronaviruses (FCoVs) can be classified into two serotypes based on differences in their amino acid sequences, spike (S) protein sequences, and antibody (Ab) neutralization. There are two pathotypes, namely those caused by FCoV, which are often referred to as feline enteric coronavirus and FIP virus (FIPV). Furthermore, FIPV infection can be caused by sub-neutralizing levels of anti-FIPV S Abs. Therefore, a supporting diagnosis is needed to confirm FIP because there are no specific symptoms. Keywords: clinical, feline coronavirus, feline infectious peritonitis virus, infectious disease.

Background and Aim: African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and lethal viral disease affecting domestic pigs and wild boars, with profound implications for global swine production and food security. Caused by the ASF virus (ASFV), a complex double-stranded DNA virus of the Asfarviridae family, the disease exhibits diverse clinical outcomes - from peracute death to chronic infection - depending on viral genotype and host immunity. ASFV primarily targets monocytes and macrophages, leading to severe lymphoid depletion, systemic inflammation, and vascular pathology mediated by cytokine storms. The virus demonstrates remarkable environmental resilience and is transmitted through direct contact, fomites, and biological vectors such as Ornithodoros soft ticks. With 23 genotypes identified to date, ASFV poses ongoing challenges to diagnosis, control, and vaccine development. Diagnostic methods, including polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and virus isolation, are essential for timely detection and containment. Despite advances in live-attenuated vaccine research, safe and broadly protective vaccines remain elusive. This review synthesizes current knowledge on ASFV’s molecular biology, transmission dynamics, immunopathogenesis, clinical presentations, and control strategies and underscores the urgent need for integrated surveillance systems, cross-sectoral collaboration, and innovative tools for outbreak prediction and disease mitigation. Keywords: African swine fever virus, control strategies, epidemiology and transmission, pathogenesis, swine.

Diabetes is a disease characterized by high blood glucose due to the abnormal response of the cells in the body on produced insulin or insulin resistance. Indeed, the treatment for diabetes mellitus lasts for a lifetime and causes various side effects, such as headache, hypoglycemia, vomiting, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Interestingly, Dragon fruit has potent antidiabetic activity and without side effects. Thirty Wistar mice were included in the study. Alloxan with a dose of 150 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally to all groups except the standard control group. Mice with blood glucose levels higher than 200 mg/dL were considered diabetic and employed throughout the study. Mice were divided into five groups: standard control group without alloxan, diabetic control group with alloxan, treatment group of 100 mg/kg and 300mg/kg H. polyrhizus peel extract, and positive control group with 600 µg/kg glibenclamide. All treatments were given orally. Blood glucose level was checked on day 1, 7, and 14 on all groups using Accu-check instant glucometer. This study revealed that administration of alloxan to the diabetic control group significantly increased blood glucose level compared to the normal control group on day-1, 7, and 14 (P < 0.05). In addition, administration of H. polyrhizus peel extract and glibenclamide effectively decreases blood glucose levels, especially on day-7 and 14 compared to the control group (P<0.05).

The objective of this study is to know the formula in making Aloe vera gel cream with VCO to create a scabies medicine and know which treatment gives the fastest healing effect of scabies in domestic cats in Mojokerto. The first step is to extract Aloe vera by infundation method, phytochemical identification test, making Aloe vera cream, testing the washing power of the cream, and testing the effect of Aloe vera gel cream on 32 cats suffering from scabies in Mojokerto, then the skin of cats suffering from scabies scraped and observed under a microscope to observe the ectoparasites that cause scabies in cats. Cats were divided into 4 treatments namely A, B, C, and D. The results of this study indicated skin scrapping on 32 cats scabies in Mojokerto, exist 26 cats that were positive for Notoedres cati, 2 cats positive for Sarcoptes scabieiand 4 cats are negative. Formulas used for the manufacture of creams included stearic acid, triethanolamine, adeps lanae, paraffin liquid, VCO, nipagin, nipasol, aquades, and Aloe vera. The results of the three groups of cream formulas B, C, D caused a significant cure in cats suffering from scabies compared to control group A.