This paper reviews the technological advancements of cold atmospheric pressure plasma technology (CAPPT) in various fields that include medicine, agriculture, and industry. In recent years, cold plasma technology has received considerable interest due to its inherent benefits that include- free radicals for inactivation of microbes, eco-friendliness, cheap operational cost, simplicity of operation, and portability of devices. Various working gases (nitrogen, argon, and helium) and various mechanisms (dielectric barrier discharge, corona discharge, floating electrodes) have been implemented for generating cold plasma at room temperature. Overall CAPPT technology has proved to be an efficient and potent tool offering both technological and biomedical applications.

In this study, both model analysis and electrical characterization of a dielectric barrier discharge based argon plasma jet have been carried at atmospheric pressure in a pin electrode configuration. The plasma and fluid dynamics modules of COMSOL multi-physics code have been used for the modeling of the plasma jet. The plasma parameters, such as, electron density, electron temperature and electrical potential have been analyzed with respect to the electrical parameters, i.e., supply voltage and supply frequency with and without the flow of gas. In all the experiments, gas flow rate has been kept constant at 1 liter per minute. This electrode configuration is subjected to a range of supply frequencies (10-25 kHz) and supply voltages (3.5-6.5 kV). The power consumed by the device has been estimated at different applied combinations (supply voltage & frequency) for optimum power consumption at maximum jet length. The maximum power consumed by the device in this configuration for maximum jet length of ∼26 mm is just ∼1 W.

In this paper, a dielectric barrier discharge plasma based atmospheric pressure plasma jet has been generated in a floating helix and floating end ring electrode configuration using argon and helium gases. This configuration is subjected to a range of supply frequencies (10-25 kHz) and supply voltages (2-6 kV) at a fixed rate of gas flow rate (i.e., 1 l/min). The electrical characterization of the plasma jet has been carried out using a high voltage probe and current transformer. The current-voltage characteristics have been analyzed, and the consumed power has been estimated at different applied combinations for optimum power consumption at maximum jet length. The obtained optimum power and jet length for argon and helium gases are 12 mW and 32 mm, and 7.7 mW and 42 mm, respectively. It is inferred that besides the electrode configurations, the discharge gas is also playing a significant role in the low power operation of the cold plasma jet at maximum jet length. The obtained results are interpreted on the basis of penning processes.

The global push for sustainable materials has intensified the research on natural fiber-reinforced composites. This study investigates the potential of sugarcane bagasse fibers, combined with a bio-based epoxy matrix, as a sustainable alternative for high-performance composites. A comprehensive approach was adopted, including wear testing, thermal and structural characterization, and machine learning predictive modeling. Ethylene dichloride-treated fibers exhibited the lowest wear rate (0.245 mg/m) and the highest thermal stability (T20% = 260 °C, char yield = 1.3 mg), highlighting the role of optimized surface modifications. XRD (X-ray diffraction) analysis revealed that pre-treated fibers achieved the highest crystallinity index of 62%, underscoring the importance of structural alignment in fiber-matrix bonding. Machine learning insights using a Random Forest model identified fiber treatment as the most significant parameter influencing wear performance, with accurate predictions validated through experimental results. This work demonstrates the transformative potential of sugarcane bagasse fibers in sustainable polymer composites, offering a pathway for environmentally friendly, lightweight, and durable material solutions. These findings integrate experimental rigor with computational insights, paving the way for advancements in natural fiber-based composite technologies.

In this study, an atmospheric pressure cold plasma jet has been generated based on dielectric barrier discharge plasma. The double ring electrode configuration is used and analysis has been performed subjected to wide range of supply frequencies up to 25 kHz and supply voltage up to 6 kV. The electrical characterization of the plasma jet has been carried out using a high voltage probe. The V-I characteristics of the developed cold plasma jet have been studied and the consumption of the power has been analyzed at various input combinations of supply frequency and applied voltage. Consequently, the supply voltage and supply frequency are optimized with respect to the discharge current and jet length for optimum power consumption. The peak power consumed for glow discharge operation has been found to be 1.27 W in the optimized configuration.