Background: Ovarian cancer is the deadliest female reproductive malignancy. Accurate preoperative differentiation of benign and malignant ovarian masses is critical for appropriate treatment. O-RADS category 4 lesions present a wide range of malignant risk, challenging radiologists. Ultrasonic images are the primary focus of current deep learning models, with no consideration for clinical data. Methods: We proposed OTC-NET, a model that uses multimodal data for classification, which combines ultrasound images and clinical information to improve the classification ability of O-RADS 4 ovarian masses. Results: OTC-NET outperforms seven deep learning models and three radiologists of varying experience, with AUC significantly higher than junior (p < 0.001), intermediate (p < 0.01), and senior (p < 0.05) radiologists. Additionally, OTC-NET–assisted diagnosis notably improves AUC and accuracy of junior and senior radiologists (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These results indicate that OTC-NET provides superior diagnostic accuracy and has strong potential for clinical application.

This article reviews the research progress for high-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) and its signaling pathway in osteosarcoma (OS) and discusses its application potential in targeted therapy. A large number of domestic and foreign studies were reviewed to summarize the research results on the the biological function, signal pathway regulation mechanism, and intervention strategy of HMGB1 in recent years. HMGB1 promotes OS cell proliferation, invasion, and immune escape by activating RAGE, TLR4, and downstream MAPK, NF-κB, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Interfering with HMGB1 or its signaling axis shows good antitumor potential in in vitro and in vivo models, but clinical transformation is still limited by its dual biological effects and tumor heterogeneity. HMGB1 and its related signaling pathways are important targets for the treatment of osteosarcoma. In the future, the development of a multi-channel combined intervention and efficient delivery system will provide a new direction for improving the therapeutic effect.