This paper describes the oxidation of several model S-containing molecules with hydrogen peroxide in a two liquid–liquid (L–L) phase system with a phase transfer catalyst under atmospheric pressure in the 333–353 K temperature range. The influence of the reaction temperature, the nature of the substrate, the solvent, the molar ratio of the oxidant (H₂O₂) and the S-containing molecule were examined. The reaction rates of the oxidative desulfurization (ODS) reaction were found to increase with the temperature, and with the molar ratio of H₂O₂ and the S-containing molecule. The potential of this methodology is illustrated by the complete S-removal from a 5.0 wt% dibenzothiophene mixture at 353 K, under excess of H₂O₂ oxidant in less than three hours of reaction. In addition, the ODS reaction was strongly enhanced when the water solvent was replaced by acetonitrile. The very high ODS reaction rate observed with the acetonitrile solvent could be explained in terms of the much higher solubility of the sulfone reaction product in this solvent and also by its very low surface tension, which facilitates the transfer of products and reagents at the polar–apolar interface. Finally, the very mild sulfoxidation reaction was applied to a kerosene fraction. The results revealed that S-levels below 25 ppm are achieved at 353 K upon using a H₂O₂ ∶ substrate molar ratio of 2.5 ∶ 1.

We report a study of the epoxidation of soybean oil and soybean methyl esters with hydrogen peroxide in dilute solution (6 wt%) using an amorphous heterogeneous Ti/SiO₂ catalyst in the presence of tert-butyl alcohol. The influence of some relevant process variables such as temperature and the hydrogen peroxide-to-double bond molar ratio on performance is examined. The highest yields of epoxidized olefins were obtained upon using a H₂O₂ ∶ substrate molar ratio of 1.1 ∶ 1. Higher ratios than this were not effective for speeding up the reaction. Under the experimental conditions employed in this work, no degradation of the oxirane ring was observed.

The use of amorphous silica-supported titanium catalysts in which the titanium ions display a chemical environment similar to that of Ti-substituted zeolites, afforded excellent activity in the epoxidation of terminal linear and bulky alkenes with dilute solutions of hydrogen peroxide.