Sustainable livestock production is a critical component of global food security and environmental stewardship. Agricultural crop residues, such as cereal straws, stovers, and hulls, as well as agro-industrial by-products, including oilseed meals, distillery wastes, and fruit/vegetable processing residues, are generated in large quantities worldwide, and these residues can be used in the diet of the animals to reduce the feed production cost and sustainability. In this review, we found that the use of treated crop residues in the diet of animals increased the production performance without causing any side effects on their health. Additionally, we also noticed that using these crop residues also mitigates the methane production in ruminants and feed costs, particularly for harvesting the feed crops. Traditionally, these materials have often been underutilized or even disposed of improperly, leading to wastage of valuable nutrients and potential environmental pollution. By incorporating these materials into animal feed formulations, livestock producers can benefit from several key advantages. The review further discusses the challenges and considerations involved in the effective utilization of these alternative feed resources, such as variability in nutrient composition, anti-nutritional factors, and the need for appropriate preprocessing and formulation strategies. Emerging technologies and innovative approaches to optimize the integration of crop residues and by-products into sustainable livestock production systems and also reduce global warming, particularly methane, CO₂ and other particles that affect the environment after burning these crop residues, are also highlighted. By synthesizing the current knowledge and exploring the multifaceted benefits, this review underscores the vital roles that agricultural crop residues and agro-industrial by-products can play in fostering the sustainability and resilience of livestock production, ultimately contributing to global food security and environmental stewardship.

This study aims to clarify the drug resistance status, carriage of drug‐resistant genes, and the effect of baicalin on drug resistance in bovine respiratory Pasteurella multocida (Pm). Strains were isolated and cultured from bovine respiratory disease samples, and then PCR identification, drug sensitivity testing, and detection of drug‐resistant genes were carried out. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of baicalin to Pm was determined by the microdilution method. The effects of baicalin at different concentrations on the drug‐resistant phenotype of Pm were evaluated, and qRT‐PCR was used to measure the impact of baicalin on the expression level of the aac(6′)‐Ib‐cr gene. The fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) of baicalin combined with enrofloxacin was determined by the microcheckerboard dilution method, and the quinolone resistance–determining region (QRDR) was compared. A total of 10 Pm strains were isolated, including 8 capsular Serotype A and 2 Serotype D; among them, 5 were multidrug‐resistant. All 10 strains carried the strA, strB, and blaROB‐1 drug‐resistant genes. Baicalin at 1/2 MIC and 1/4 MIC concentrations reduced the drug resistance of Pm to amikacin, kanamycin, ciprofloxacin, and enrofloxacin with prolonged intervention time and significantly or extremely significantly decreased the expression level of the aac(6′)‐Ib‐cr drug‐resistant gene. The combination of baicalin and enrofloxacin showed a synergistic effect, and after combined culture, isoleucine (Ile) at Position 83 of the gyrA gene in Pm was replaced by arginine (Arg). The isolated Pm strains were predominantly Serotype A and mostly drug‐resistant. Baicalin can effectively enhance the sensitivity of multidrug‐resistant isolates to amikacin, kanamycin, ciprofloxacin, and enrofloxacin by inhibiting the expression of aac(6′)‐Ib‐cr. The combination of baicalin and enrofloxacin exhibits a synergistic effect, mutually enhancing bacterial sensitivity to the drugs. Kaiwen Yin, Huiling Zhang, and Puguo Hao contributed equally to this work.