This research was aimed to determine the effect of tillage and varieties on rice growth and yield. This research used a Split Plot Design (SPD) where the land was cultivated (T) as the main plot and rice varieties as subplots (V) repeated three times. The main factors as the main plot consist of three levels, namely: without soil tillage (T0), minimum soil tillage (T1), and perfect soil tillage (T2). The second factor is 5 level varieties, namely: Tinggong (V1), Ciherang (V2), Cibogo (V3), Inpari-13 (V4), and Situ Bagendit (V5). Data were also projected onto principal component analysis (PCA) to observe differences and affected factors related to the soil tillage system. The results showed that the system of tillage had a very significant effect on the yield per hectare. There was no significant difference in yield between the minimum tillage and the perfect tillage. Variety had a very significant effect on plant height at eight weeks after planting (WAP), the number of tillers at 8 WAP, panicle length per clump, the amount of grains, percentage of full grain per clump, percentage of empty grain per hill, the weight of grain per panicle, weight 1,000 grain and yield per hectare. The Cibogo variety gave the highest yield, namely 4.86 ton/ha. Based on PCA analysis, plant height, the total amount of grain, and filled grain are highly affected by the soil tillage system.

The flood phenomenon in the Krueng Jreue Sub-Watershed, Aceh Besar, Indonesia, in recent years indicates biophysical damage to the land. Floods are influenced by factors from biophysical conditions of the land and high rainfall with small river cross-sectional capacity causing water to overflow the embankment and flood low areas. This research aims to analyse the flood vulnerability level in the Krueng Jreue Sub-Watershed, Aceh Besar, Indonesia. The results showed that flood vulnerability in the research area consisted of four classes: very vulnerable, vulnerable, moderately vulnerable and somewhat vulnerable, with each area averaging a score of 43.0, 38.8, 30.0 and 21.7. Types of land use that are particularly vulnerable to flooding are rice fields with a mean total score of 43.0. The vulnerable classes are found in settlements and moorings, with a total score of 42.0 and 36.5, respectively. While open land, shrubs, grasslands, primary forests and secondary forests are quite vulnerable to flooding, with a mean total score of 32.5 each: 30.0, 30.0, 28.0 and 27.0. The main components affecting flood vulnerability are rainfall, temperature and land use, while additional components are soil infiltration and slope. Mechanised hydrological disaster mitigation can be performed through optimisation of weir, embung, rorak and check-dam. Vegetative hydrological mitigation efforts can be performed by reforestation and agroforestry systems, maps and flood prediction. Non-technically, hydrological disaster mitigation efforts can be undertaken with legal policies, law enforcement, map creation and prediction of droughts and socialisation of legislation.

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi beberapa sifat fisika dan kimia tanah pada areal penanaman nilam di Desa Teungoh Geunteut Kecamatan Lhoong, Kabupaten Aceh Besar Provinsi Aceh. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif melalui pengamatan lapangan dan analisis laboratorium. Areal studi dibedakan atas tiga satuan peta lahan (SPL) dengan luas areal 294,35 hektar yang dicirikan dengan kelerengan lahan 8-15%, berordo tanah Inceptisols dengan pola penggunaan lahan hutan dan lahan terbuka. Pengamatan dilakukan pada 10 titik sampel yaitu lima sampel dalam SPL-1, empat sampel dalam SPL-2 dan satu sampel mewakili SPL-3. Sampel tanah terdiri atas dua macam yaitu sampel tanah utuh yang diambil dengan menggunakan ring sampel dan sampel tanah terganggu yang diambil dengan menggunakan bor tanah. Semua sampel diambil pada kedalaman 0-20 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari aspek fisika tanah, areal tersebut bertekstur lempung hingga liat (sedang hingga halus), bobot isi sedang (1.24-1.27 g cm-3), dan sebagian areal mempunyai permeabilitas lambat ( 2 cm per jam). Dari aspek kimia tanah, areal penanaman nilam ini bereaksi agak masam hingga netral (pH 5,81-6,66) dan mempunyai kendala yaitu kandungan C organik sangat rendah (0,68-0,72%), N total sangat rendah (0,08-0,17%), dan P tersedia sangat rendah (0,47-1,15 mg kg-1), namun kapasitas tukar kation (KTK) tanah tergolong tinggi ( 25 cmol kg-1). Kendala fisika dan kimia tanah yang ada di areal penanaman nilam di Desa Teungoh Geunteut ini dianjurkan untuk memberikan bahan amandemen terutama amandemen organic seperti kompos, pupuk hijau, pupuk kendang, biochar dan diperlukan penambahan pupuk lengkap dan berimbang. Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in Patcholi Planting Area in Teungoh Geunteut Village, Kecamatan Lhoong, Aceh Besar This study aims to evaluate several physical and chemical properties of the soil in the patchouli planting area in Geunteut Village, Lhoong sub-district of Aceh Besar, Aceh Province. The study uses a descriptive method through field observations and laboratory analysis. The study area is divided into three land map units (SPL) with an area of 294.35 hectares characterized by a land slope of 8-15%, soil order Inceptisols with land use types are forest area, and barelands. Observations were conducted at 10 sample points, namely five samples in SPL-1, four samples in SPL-2 and one sample representing SPL-3. Soil samples consist of two kinds, namely undisturb soil samples taken using a ring sample and disturbed soil samples taken using a soil auger. All samples were taken at a depth of 0-20 cm. The results showed that from the physical aspect of the soil, the area had a loam to clay texture (medium to fine), medium bulk density (1.24-1.27 g cm-3), and some areas had slow permeability ( 2 cm h-1). From the aspect of soil chemistry, this patchouli planting area has slightly acidic to neutral soil pH (pH 5.81-6.66), very low organic C content (0.68-0.72%), very low total N (0 .08-0.17%), and very low available P (0.47-1.15 mg kg-1), but the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soils was high ( 25 cmol kg-1). Physical and chemical constraints of the soil in the patchouli planting area in Teungoh Geunteut Village are recommended to provide amendments, especially organic amendments such as compost, green manure, animal manures, biochar and the addition of complete and balanced fertilizers is needed.

Abstrak. Kabupaten Aceh Besar merupakan wilayah yang beberapa kawasan nya berbatasan dengan pantai, diantaranya yaitu Desa Lambadeuk Kecamatan Peukan Bada. Kawasan desa tersebut sangat dekat dengan pantai, di desa ini terdapat lahan yang dipengaruhi oleh pasang surut nya air laut yang di kategorikan ke dalam rawa zona I. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Karakterisasi dan Genesis Lahan Tambak di Desa Lambadeuk Kecamatan Peukan Bada Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah survai deskriptif kuantitatif dengan parameter karakteristik morfologi yang diamati di lapangan yaitu: batas dan kedalaman horison tanah, batas topografi tanah, warna matriks dan karatan tanah, struktur tanah, kosistensi tanah, plastisitas tanah, dan perakaran. Parameter karakteristik fisika yang dianalisis di laboratorium yaitu: tekstur dan bobot isi, sedangkan parameter karakteristik kimia yang dianalisis di laboratorium yaitu: pH, C-organik, basa-basa dd (Ca, Mg, Na, K), asam-asam dd (Al dan H), kapasitas tukar kation, dan kejenuhan basa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakterisasi lahan tambak yaitu: (a) karakteristik morfologi: lahan tambak memiliki horison E dan Bw dengan ketebalan 28 cm dengan warna tanah pada horison E zaitun abu-abu dan warna tanah pada horison Bw hijau tua kelabu; (b) karakteristik fisika: lahan tambak memiliki kelas tekstur tanah pasir berlempung dan pasir pada E dan Bw; serta memiliki kriteria bobot isi tanah sedang; dan (c) karakteristik kimia: lahan tambak memiliki kriteria pH agak alkalis pada horison E dan horison Bw, C-organik sangat rendah, KTK (kapasitas tukar kation) rendah, dan KB (kejenuhan basa) tinggi dan sangat tinggi pada horison Bw. Faktor-faktor pembentuk tanah pada lahan tambak yaitu: bahan induk berasal dari batuan sedimen/aluvium (kerikil, pasir, dan lumpur), tipe iklim C (agak basah), relief datar, umur holosen (0,6 juta tahun yang lalu – sekarang), dengan ordo Inceptisol. Adapun proses genesis yang terjadi pada lahan tambak yaitu: eluviasi dan gleisasi. Aceh Besar Regency is an area where several areas are bordered by the coast, including Lambadeuk Village, Peukan Bada District. The village area is very close to the beach, in this village there is a swamp that is influenced by the tides of sea water which is categorized into swamp zone I. This study aims to determine the Characteristics and Genesis on a Pond in the Lambadeuk Village Peukan Bada Sub-district of Aceh Besar Regency. The method used in this study is a quantitative descriptive survey with parameters of morphological characteristics observed in the field, namely: boundaries and depth of soil horizons, topographic boundaries of soils, matrix color and soil rust, soil structure, soil consistency, soil plasticity, and roots. The physical characteristic parameters analyzed in the laboratory are: texture and bulk density, while the chemical characteristic parameters analyzed in the laboratory are: pH, C-organic, dd bases (Ca, Mg, Na, K), dd acids (Al and H), cation exchange capacity, and base saturation. The results showed that the characteristics of tidal swamps on pond land are: (a) morphological characteristics: pond land has E and Bw horizons with a thickness of 28 cm with the soil color on the E horizon olive gray and the soil color on the Bw horizon dark green gray ; (b) physical characteristics: pond land has a soil texture class of sandy loam and sand at E and Bw; as well as having the criteria for moderate soil density; and (c) chemical characteristics: the pond land has slightly alkaline pH criteria in the E horizon and Bw horizon, very low organic C, low CEC (cation exchange capacity), and high and very high KB (base saturation) in the Bw horizon. Soil-forming factors in ponds are: parent material derived from sedimentary/aluvium rock (gravel, sand, and mud), climate type C (slightly wet), flat relief, Holocene age (0.6 million years ago – now), with the order Inceptisol. The genesis processes that occur in ponds are: eluviation and gleization.

This study aims to evaluate the nutrient status in the leaves of patchouli grown in Inceptisols soil in Aceh, Indonesia. The experiment utilized a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. The study’s factor was applying fertilizer nutrients across eight treatments designed according to omission trials. The response to fertilizer nutrients was analyzed for N, P, K, Ca, and Mg concentrations in patchouli leaves 120 days after planting seedlings in pots. The patchouli seeds used were local varieties from Aceh (“Tapak Tuan”). Urea (45% N), triple phosphate/SP-36 (15.65% P), potassium chloride (49.8% K), calcium carbonate (40% Ca), magnesium oxide (60% Mg), and S elementary (88.9% S) are used as fertilizer sources of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S, respectively. The Inceptisols soil used was topsoil (0–20 cm). The experimental results showed that fertilizer nutrient stress treatment influenced the nutrient content of patchouli leaves in Inceptisols. The concentrations of N, P, K, and Ca in the patchouli leaves were below the adequacy threshold, showing deficiency symptoms. The critical nutrient levels in patchouli plants for macroelements N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S were 4.5%, 0.35%, 1.2%, 2.5%, and 0.25%, respectively. Only Mg reached the nutrient adequacy standard in patchouli. The limiting nutrients for patchouli plants in Aceh Besar Inceptisols are N, P, K, and Ca. It is necessary to add nutrients of N, P, K, and C macro fertilizers to increase the growth and yield of patchouli in Aceh Besar, Indonesia.