A microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) causes huge economic losses and serious environmental damage every year. The prevention and control measures for MIC mainly include physical, chemical, and biological methods. Among them, biocide application is the most cost-effective method. Although various biocides have their own advantages in preventing and treating MIC, most biocides have the problem of polluting the environment and increasing microorganism resistance. Therefore, it has stimulated the exploration of continuously developing new environmentally friendly and efficient biocides. In this review, the application advantages and research progress of various biocides used to prevent and control MIC are discussed. Also, this review provides a resource for the research and rational use of biocides regarding MIC mitigation and prevention.

Electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is an attractive and alternative route for the on‐site production of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). The electrochemical synthesis of H₂O₂ in neutral electrolyte is in early studying stage and promising in ocean‐energy application. Herein, N‐doped carbon materials (N‐C_x) with different N types are prepared through the pyrolysis of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks. The N‐C_x catalysts, especially N‐C₈₀₀, exhibit an attracting 2e⁻ ORR catalytic activity, corresponding to a high H₂O₂ selectivity (≈95%) and preferable stability in 0.5 m NaCl solution. Additionally, the N‐C₈₀₀ possesses an attractive H₂O₂ production amount up to 631.2 mmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹ and high Faraday efficiency (79.8%) in H‐type cell. The remarkable 2e⁻ ORR electrocatalytic performance of N‐C_x catalysts is associated with the N species and N content in the materials. Density functional theory calculations suggest carbon atoms adjacent to graphitic N are the main catalytic sites and exhibit a smaller activation energy, which are more responsible than those in pyridinic N and pyrrolic N doped carbon materials. Furthermore, the N‐C₈₀₀ catalyst demonstrates an effective antibacterial performance for marine bacteria in simulated seawater. This work provides a new insight for electro‐generation of H₂O₂ in neutral electrolyte and triggers a great promise in ocean‐energy application.

The picture illustrates most of the haloperoxidases that have been reported.

Rationally designing high-efficiency catalysts for electrochemical two-electron water oxidation reaction (2e⁻ WOR) to produce hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is extremely important, while designing bimetallic metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is of great significance for effective 2e⁻ WOR. Herein, MIL-53(Fe) and different proportions of Co-doped MIL-53(Fe) were prepared by a hydrothermal method. The structural characterization and elemental analysis showed that the Co ions were successfully doped into MIL-53(Fe) to form a MIL-53(Fe/Co) bimetallic MOF, and the morphology of MIL-53(Fe/Co) became more regular after Co doping. We found that the optimized MIL-53(Fe/Co) exhibits remarkable 2e⁻ WOR performance, which gave an overpotential of 150 mV at 1 mA cm⁻². The overpotential of MIL-53(Fe/Co) was approximately 220 mV (at 1 mA cm⁻²) lower than that of MIL-53(Fe), which may be attributed to the change of microstructure of MIL-53(Fe) after Co doping and the synergistic effect between Fe/Co. Our work introduces a strategy for designing bimetallic MOF-based electrocatalysts, opening up new possibilities for efficient 2e⁻ WOR systems.