Even at low concentrations, poly-aromatic hydrocarbons found in soot have substantial health implications. Soot deposits have been reported and studied using FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. Using a CO₂ photolysis laser, the samples were obtained via infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) of vinyl bromide (VBr, C₂H₃Br) molecules. The solid deposit formed in the IRMPD of VBr when a relatively high fluence of the order of 204J.cm⁻² was analyzed by FTIR, and it was discovered that the majority of its composition is aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Significant fullerene-type carbonaceous soot particles are also found, which could correspond to C₆₀ and C₇₀ or other carbonaceous agglomerates of a higher order; however, the disappearance of this fullerene on Raman spectra cast doubt on this explanation. Our samples Raman spectroscopy has been compared to Tamor and Vassells research, which may indicate that they have a lesser degree of hardness and density than these authors results, indicating a larger hydrogen content in our samples. The optical gap has been calculated, yielding a very limited range of values ranging only between 1.0 and 1.2eV, resulting in a crystalline size of 0.58 to 1.12nm.

The development of 5G (fifth generation) mobile communication systems was initiated to meet the expected need for higher data rates. In this article, a new 28/38 GHz dual-band “inverted-F” array antenna for 5G applications is proposed. This antenna can be integrated in OLEDs (Organic Light Emitting Diodes) panels which can be used both for lighting or display. This 5G antenna, composed of 32 elements, has the advantage of a dual-band and compact structure. Each element of the array antenna has the shape of an “inverted-F” antenna. This array antenna can cover the 28 GHz band (27.94–28.83 GHz) and the 38 GHz band (37.97–38.96 GHz) with mutual coupling between the elements less than −35 dB. The characteristics of the end fire radiation beams were obtained by employing an array of 32 “inverted-F” antenna elements on the upper and lower portions of the PCB (Printed Circuit Board). The suggested design has a gain of approximately 16.52 dB at 28.38 GHz and 15.35 dB at 38.49 GHz, which is suitable for 5G mobile communications.

This paper presents the design of a compact size band patch antenna for 5G wireless communications. This wideband antenna was designed on a glass substrate (12 × 11 × 2 mm³) and is optically transparent and compact. It consists of a radiation patch and a ground plane using AgHT-8 material. The antenna design comprises rectangular shaped branches optimized to attain the wideband characteristics. The calculated impedance bandwidth is 7.7% covering the frequency range of 25 to 27 GHz. A prototype of the antenna and various parameters such as return loss plot, gain plot, radiation pattern plot, and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) are presented and discussed. The simulated results of this antenna show that it is well suited for future 5G applications because of its transparency, flexibility, light weight, and wide achievable frequency bandwidth near the millimeter wave frequency band.

The peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signal can be substantially larger than that of a single carrier system. It is the major issue of concern in OFDM system which reduces the efficiency of the high power amplifier. As one of attractive techniques, partial transmit sequence (PTS) provides an effective solution for PAPR reduction of an OFDM signal. This paper aims to present a new algorithm based on PTS, in order to improve the performance in terms of Peak to Average Power Ratio. The simulations show that the PAPR can be reduced about 6.8dB and 0.5dB compared to the original OFDM and PTS technique successively. Our algorithm has been simulated by scalable OFDM system. The simulation and results are presented for IEEE 802.16-2004 standard.

The co-integration of antennas with lighting sources appears as an effective way to distribute broadband networks closer to users, lowering interference and transmitted power, as well as to reduce energy consumption in future lighting systems. We here present an original contribution to the implementation of transparent and invisible antennas with OLED light sources. To validate the proposed approach, the honeycomb mesh technique was used, and an optical transparency of 75.4% was reached. The transparent mesh antenna was compared with the non-transparent full-metal antenna in terms of radio-electrical parameters. Our prototype was designed using copper films deposited on a glass substrate. The simulation results of the S-parameters and the radiation patterns were validated against measurements performed in an anechoic chamber. The directivity and gain obtained were $6.67$ dBi and $4.86$ dBi at $5.16$$\mathrm{G}$$\mathrm{Hz}$, respectively. To study the effect of antenna integration with OLEDs, optical and photometric characterizations with and without the antenna were measured, and the colorimetric parameters were then treated using the IES TM-30-18 standard.

The global development of LED lighting in all applications for both public and indoor lighting establishes a very important lever for reducing the carbon impact by significantly reducing energy consumption. Smart lighting will therefore constitute an essential lever in the smart city of tomorrow. The latter is more sustainable and less energy-intensive than other light sources, contributing towards the Sustainable Development Goals set forth by the United Nations (SDGs 7 and 11). With its ease of integration, ergonomics, lightness, and high quality of light, this innovative light source has two major qualities: its energy efficiency and its long service life. However, poor thermal management has catastrophic effects on these two essential criteria. This necessarily requires optimizing thermal management and heat sinks. In some cases, thermal models and simulations can lead to considerable calculation times because they implement many parameters. This work therefore aims to reduce the number of these simulations by applying the method of experimental designs (Taguchi) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) to simulations intended to optimize the dissipation of LED luminaires. We applied the method to a simple finned heat sink model for a unit input power and then to a concrete case of a high-power LED. The control parameters and their respective contributions in the proposed model were studied. The ANOVA results corroborated the conclusions of the Taguchi method, demonstrating a strong agreement between these analytical methods, in which the temperature was adjusted by identifying optimal combinations of parameters. The fields of application relevant to this study include both indoor lighting (false ceiling) and confined spaces with severe sealing constraints such as car headlights or the optical blocks of urban luminaires.