Summary: We report a case, of acute upper airway obstruction after tracheal extubation 24 hours after surgery. The respiratory complications of surgery for posterior fossa lesions are discussed.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the expression of a complex alteration of the reproductive system. It is characterised by the increase in androgens, causing symptoms such as hirsutism, as well as infertility in many. This paper reviews whether Clomiphene Citrate, Letrozole and Inositol function better as monotherapy or combined therapy for anovulatory infertile PCOS patients. Ovulation and pregnancy rate were used as primary outcomes. PubMed and Scopus were the search engines of choice. Papers were excluded if patients were undertaking other fertility interventions, overlapping populations and non-RCT papers. It was found that co-prescribing Letrozole or Clomiphene Citrate alongside Metformin should be considered, Inositol should be examined as an alternative insulin sensitiser to Metformin and studies should be undertaken to identify the ideal dose and duration of Inositol therapy. Further large, well-designed, multi-centre studies should be conducted to solidify the claims of this review.

Neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) encompasses a broad spectrum of neurological conditions affecting the lower urinary tract. Managing NLUTD requires a tailored approach focused on preserving kidney function and enhancing patients’ quality of life. Clinical guidelines provide valuable guidance for healthcare professionals, but discrepancies in recommendations arise among other factors due to limited high-quality clinical evidence. Prominent guidelines from organisations like the International Consultation of Incontinence, the European Association of Urology, the American Urological Association, and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence offer varying recommendations for NLUTD management. This study reviews and summarizes the recommendations for conservative, pharmacological, and surgical management options across these guidelines. Cite this article as: Ochoa DC, Mahoney AC. Fontaine C, Hashim H. Guidelines of guidelines: conservative, pharmacological, and surgical management for neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD). Urol Res Pract. 2024;50(2):139-147.