The aim of this study was to review the clinical profile including predisposing systemic conditions, microorganisms responsible, clinical presentation, and outcomes of endogenous endophthalmitis (EE) in South India. This study is a retrospective, noncomparative case series. This study presents a retrospective analysis of records of patients with EE in a 10-year period. A total of 61 eyes of 58 patients were included in the study. Preceding systemic illness or surgery was noted in 31 patients (53.4%). No predisposing condition was found in 27 patients (46.5%). All eyes had severe diffuse EE. Culture positivity was seen in 34 of 58 patients (58.6%). Gram-positive organisms were isolated in 9 cases (15.5%), and Gram-negative organisms were isolated in 20 cases (34.5%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13.8%) was the most common isolate. Eleven eyes (18%) were managed medically with intravenous and intravitreal antibiotics, and 38 eyes (62.3%) also underwent vitrectomy. Eight eyes (13.1%) required repeat vitrectomy, and 12 eyes (19.7%) were eviscerated. The mean follow-up was 16.2 ± 13.9 months. Final visual acuity of 20/200 or better was seen in 29.5% eyes. A favorable outcome was noted in culture-positive patients (P = 0.03) and in patients with no predisposing causes. This study provides information about the clinical and microbiologic profile of EE. Aggressive medical and surgical treatment can result in favorable outcomes.

The aim of this study was to examine the hyperreflective dots seen in choroid on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) in eyes with diabetic macular edema (DME) and correlate it with visual acuity. Consecutive, cross-sectional case series of patients with DME between January 2017 and December 2017. Eyes with DME having central foveal thickness ≥250 μm were included. SDOCT was performed using Spectralis system (Heidelberg Engineering, Germany). Hyperreflective choroidal foci (HCF) were defined as well-circumscribed dots within choroid having reflectivity equal to or higher than adjacent retinal pigment epithelium. HCF were counted manually within 1500 μm of fovea using a horizontal line scan by a blinded observer. Eyes were divided in 3 groups: group A (no HCF), group B (1–10 HCF), and group C (>10 HCF). One hundred nineteen eyes of 60 DME patients were included. Sixty (50.4%) eyes were in group A, whereas 42 (33.6%) and 17 (14.2%) eyes belonged to group B and group C, respectively. The mean logMAR best corrected visual acuity was significantly lower in group B (0.76 ± 0.79) and C (1.2 ± 0.78) as compared with group A (0.22 ± 0.49) (P = 0.001). Mean central foveal thickness in group A (300.4 ± 122.4 μm) was significantly lower than group B (455.52 ± 209.1 μm) and group C (529.4 ± 196.4 μm) with P value of 0.001. The present study describes HCF as novel prognostic SDOCT biomarker in DME whose presence denotes poor visual acuity. Further longitudinal studies are required to substantiate our findings.

Aims: To provide a fact file on the etiology, clinical presentations and management of retinal vasculitis in Eastern India. Materials and Methods: Retrospective, record based analysis of retinal vasculitis cases in a tertiary care center in Eastern India from January 2007 to December 2009 . Results: One hundred and thirteen eyes of 70 patients of retinal vasculitis were included in this study. Sixty (85.7%) patients were male (mean age 33± 11.1 years) and 10 (14.3%) were female (mean age 32.4 ± 13.6 years). Vasculitis was bilateral in 43 (61.4%) and unilateral in 27 (38.6%) patients. Commonest symptoms were dimness of vision (73; 64.6%) and floaters (36; 31.9%). Vascular sheathing (82; 72.6%) and vitritis (51; 45.1%) were commonest signs. Mantoux test was positive in 21 (30%) patients but tuberculosis was confirmed in only four (5.71%) patients. Raised serum angiotensin-converting enzyme level and positive antinuclear antibody level were reported in four (5.71%) patients each. Human leukocyte antigen B5 (HLA B5) marker was present in one (1.4%) patient. However, none of the total 70 patients were found to have a conclusively proven systemic disease attributable as the cause of retinal vasculitis. Oral corticosteroid (60; 85.7%) was the mainstay of treatment. Forty-eight (42.5%) eyes maintained their initial visual acuity and 43 (38%) gained one or more line at mean follow-up of 16.6± 6.3 months. Conclusion: Retinal vasculitis cases had similar clinical presentations and common treatment plan. There was no systemic disease association with vasculitis warranting a careful approach in prescribing investigations.

Ies of consecutive patients with inflammatory CNV treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) in a tertiary eye care center in Eastern India between 2009 and 2014. The data about clinical features, investigations, treatment, and outcomes were obtained from the medical records. We included patients with active inflammatory CNV but with no evidence of inflammation and were treated with anti-VEGF alone, with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. Main outcome measures were a clinical and etiological profile of inflammatory CNV in Indian eyes and their response to treatment. Results: Thirty eyes of 28 patients were included in the study. The mean follow-up was 17.93 ± 14.28 months (range 6–53 months). In our cohort, seven (23.33%) eyes had inflammatory CNV secondary to idiopathic choroiditis, four (13.33%) eyes had toxoplasmosis, idiopathic panuveitis, and Vogt Koyanaki Harada's disease each. Three (10%) eyes had geographic helicoid peripapillary choroidopathy and tubercular choroiditis each. Remaining two (6.66%) eyes had punctate inner choroidopathy, while multifocal choroiditis with panuveitis, resolved endogenous endophthalmitis and Hansen's diseases were the etiology in one (3.33%) case of inflammatory CNV each. The mean number of injections were 2.76 (range 1–5). Among thirty eyes of inflammatory CNV, 16 (53.3%) eyes showed improvement, eight (26.6%) maintained the same vision, whereas six (20%) eyes showed deterioration of vision. Interpretations and Conclusion: Idiopathic choroiditis was the most common cause of inflammatory CNV and PRN intravitreal anti-VEGF (ranibizumab or bevacizumab) appears to have effective treatment response....