Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive and neurodegenerative disorder of the cortex and hippocampus, which eventually leads to cognitive impairment. Although the etiology of AD remains unclear, the presence of β‐amyloid (Aβ) peptides in these learning and memory regions is a hallmark of AD. Therefore, the inhibition of Aβ peptide aggregation has been considered the primary therapeutic strategy for AD treatment. Many studies have shown that resveratrol has antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties and can decrease the toxicity and aggregation of Aβ peptides in the hippocampus of AD patients, promote neurogenesis, and prevent hippocampal damage. In addition, the antioxidant activity of resveratrol plays an important role in neuronal differentiation through the activation of silent information regulator‐1 (SIRT1). SIRT1 plays a vital role in the growth and differentiation of neurons and prevents the apoptotic death of these neurons by deacetylating and repressing p53 activity; however, the exact mechanisms remain unclear. Resveratrol also has anti‐inflammatory effects as it suppresses M1 microglia activation, which is involved in the initiation of neurodegeneration, and promotes Th2 responses by increasing anti‐inflammatory cytokines and SIRT1 expression. This review will focus on the antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory neuroprotective effects of resveratrol, specifically on its role in SIRT1 and the association with AD pathophysiology.

Background/Objectives: Chronic treatment with dapsone (DDS) has been linked to adverse reactions involving all organ systems, such as dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome, methemoglobinemia and hemolytic anemia, besides neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration due to iron accumulation and oxidative stress. These effects probably occur due to the presence of its toxic metabolite DDS-NOH, which can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and iron overload. In this sense, antioxidant compounds with chelating properties, such as alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), may be an interesting adjuvant therapy strategy in treating or preventing these effects. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ALA on oxidative and neuroinflammatory changes caused by DDS treatment in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of mice. Materials and Methods:Mus musculus male mice that were pre-treated with DDS (40 mg/kg) and post-treated with ALA (25 mg/kg) underwent analyses for oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity, cytokine expression and microglial/astrocytic activity. Results: DDS did not activate macrophages/microglia or astrocytes in the prefrontal cortex but induced their activation in the hippocampus. ALA stimulated a protective microglial profile and reduced astrocyte reactivity, especially in the hippocampus. DDS increased the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), effects reversed by ALA. DDS also reduced antioxidant capacity (TEAC, GSH, SOD, CAT) and increased oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation, iron accumulation), while ALA restored antioxidant levels and reduced oxidative stress. Conclusions: ALA was able to reduce the effects of DDS, such as reducing microglial and astrocytic activation, as well as to decrease the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increase BDNF, in addition to increasing antioxidant capacity and reducing oxidative damage caused by iron accumulation. Therefore, ALA is considered a useful and promising therapeutic alternative for the treatment of diseases related to oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.

Objetivo: Identificar e descrever a prevalência potenciais interações medicamentosas (PIM) em pacientes internados com doenças respiratórias durante período de inverno amazônico, buscando também classificar PIM em função do risco e o manejo clínico. Métodos: Um estudo descritivo, tipo transversal, retrospectivo, com abordagem quantitativa de pacientes internado no hospital universitário durante inverno amazônico. Foram selecionados 40 pacientes e analisadas 120 prescrições, coletando dados como identificação do paciente, hipótese diagnóstico, medicamentos utilizados. A investigação de potenciais interações ocorreu no período de 24 horas, 7 dias e 14 dias. A identificação e as classificações quanto aos riscos das PIM formam realizadas pela plataforma de apoio LexicomP® via aplicativo UpToDate®. Foi feita estatística descritiva dos dados, os quais foram compilados em planilha do Microsoft Excel®. Resultados: Dos 40 pacientes, 55% eram homens, a média de idade foi de 46 ± 22 anos, o tempo médio de internação foi de 41 ± 30 dias, a maioria dos pacientes apresentaram Tuberculose Pulmonar, Pneumonias não especificadas e Derrame Pleural. Nessa população, análise da classificação de risco das PIMs, mostrou um total de 989 interações medicamentosas, com aproximadamente 8 PIM/prescrição. Um predomínio de PIM com risco baixo (classe C e B). Entre os medicamentos envolvidos o omeprazol x dipirona, dipirona x captopril, sendo essas de risco B e C, respectivamente. Apesar da maioria das PIM serem baixo risco, também ocorreram interações de risco elevado risco, não recomendadas (Classe X), totalizando 51 interações, sendo a mais prevalente e omeprazol e rifampicina, a qual pode induzir desconfortos gastrointestinais, e seu manejo consiste na substituição do omeprazol pelo pantoprazol. Além desse, segunda interação de risco X com maior ocorrência foi escopolamina mais brometo de Ipratrópio, a qual poderia induzir efeitos anticolinérgicos nos pacientes. E também foi detectado a PIM entre Prometazina x Bromoprida com risco de síndrome neuroléptica maligna ou reações extrapiramidais, esses devem ser manejados de maneira individualizada. Conclusão: Identificou-se uma elevada ocorrência de PIM nas prescrições de pacientes com doenças respiratorias durante o período putativo inverno amazônico. Apesar de na sua maioria ser de baixo risco, as PIM classificadas como X se mostraram presentes e consequentemente demandando manejo clínico. Por outro lado, para avaliar suas repercussões clínicas, mais estudos metodologicamente diferentes são necessários. Ainda assim, o conhecimento das PIM podem ajudar a estabelecer estratégias terapêuticas adequadas nessa população.

Book Brazil in Advancing Pharmacotherapy and Clinical Pharmacy in Latin America Proceedings of the Fourth Brazilian Congress of Pharmacotherapy and Clinical Pharmacy doi: 10.62922/4cbffc ISBN: 978-65-983944-2-4 Editors Wallace Entringer Bottacin – ORCID | Lattes | Google Scholar Thaís Teles de Souza – ORCID | Lattes Walleri Christini Torelli Reis – ORCID | Lattes | Google […]

Book Brazil in Advancing Pharmacotherapy and Clinical Pharmacy in Latin America Proceedings of the Fourth Brazilian Congress of Pharmacotherapy and Clinical Pharmacy doi: 10.62922/4cbffc ISBN: 978-65-983944-2-4 Editors Wallace Entringer Bottacin – ORCID | Lattes | Google Scholar Thaís Teles de Souza – ORCID | Lattes Walleri Christini Torelli Reis – ORCID | Lattes | Google […]

Book Brazil in Advancing Pharmacotherapy and Clinical Pharmacy in Latin America Proceedings of the Fourth Brazilian Congress of Pharmacotherapy and Clinical Pharmacy doi: 10.62922/4cbffc ISBN: 978-65-983944-2-4 Editors Wallace Entringer Bottacin – ORCID | Lattes | Google Scholar Thaís Teles de Souza – ORCID | Lattes Walleri Christini Torelli Reis – ORCID | Lattes | Google […]