BACKGROUND Effective assessment and diagnosis using simple nutritional screening tools are crucial for identifying malnutrition in older adults. The aim of the study was to evaluate how effectively different anthropometric parameters, indices, and body composition metrics can assess nutrition-related risks, using the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) in a cohort of 185 patients >60 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study included 185 patients over 60 years old. Anthropometric measurements, indices, and body composition were examined. Nutritional status based on GNRI was categorized as major risk (1.1%), moderate risk (9.7%), low risk (15.1%), and no risk (74.1%). RESULTS The strongest correlations with the GNRI were observed for body mass index (BMI) (ρ=0.8628) and body fat in kilograms (ρ=0.8269), P<0.001. A unit increase in BMI decreased the odds of being in the risk group by 52.1% (OR 0.479; 95% CI 0.377-0.609; P<0.001). ROC analysis showed BMI ≤25.0 had the highest predictive value (AUC 0.93, 95% CI 0.89-0.97) in assessing nutrition-related risk in the elderly. Body fat (AUC 0.89, 95% CI 0.85-0.94), abdominal volume index (AUC 0.86, 95% CI 0.80-0.91), hip circumference (AUC 0.85, 95% CI 0.79-0.91), and waist circumference (AUC 0.85, 95% CI 0.80-0.91) also demonstrated significant predictive power (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our study underscores the importance of using BMI and other related anthropometric measures and indices as part of routine assessments to identify and manage nutrition-related risks among elderly individuals in hospitals, care facilities, and dietetic clinics, particularly in situations where standardized tools for assessing malnutrition are not available or are impossible to use.

Comparison of Body Mass Index Range Criteria and Their Association with Nutrition-Related Risk: A Cross-Sectional Study in Polish Older Adults - Article abstract #948384

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder often associated with disturbances in glucose metabolism and insulin resistance (IR), increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Standard assessment of glucose dysregulations and IR requires laboratory tests, but simple anthropometric indices, including BMI, WHtR, WHR, VAI, LAP, BAI, BRI and ABSI, may provide non-invasive tools for early risk screening. Their predictive value and optimal cut-off points for detecting glucose dysregulation and IR in PCOS remain unclear. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the clinical utility of anthropometric indices in identifying glucose dysregulation in women with PCOS, and to provide prognostic insight with potential cut-off points for these indices. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 49 women with PCOS according to Rotterdam criteria. Anthropometric measurements (BMI, WC, WHR, WHtR, VAI, BAI, LAP, BRI, ABSI) and fasting biochemical parameters (glucose, insulin) were collected. Correlations between indices and carbohydrate disturbances were assessed using Pearson or Spearman coefficients. The predictive ability of anthropometric indices for glucose dysregulations and IR were evaluated using ROC curve analysis, including AUC, sensitivity, specificity, and optimal cut-off points, while logistic regression quantified the strength of associations. Results: BMI, WHtR, BAI, VAI, LAP, and BRI were significantly correlated with fasting glucose and insulin levels, indicating a strong link between adiposity and IR in women with PCOS. Among these indices, VAI showed the highest predictive performance for elevated HOMA-IR (AUC = 0.933, cut-off point 0.99; sensitivity 85.7, specificity 90.5%), followed by LAP (AUC = 0.883, cut-off point 27.9) and BMI (AUC = 0.852, cut off point 27 kg/m ² ). WHtR, WC, and BRI also demonstrated significant predictive value (AUCs 0.821-0.831). Logistic regression revealed the strongest associations for BMI ≥27.25 kg/m ² and VAI ≥1.07 (OR = 57.0; 95% CI 9.41-345.15; p<0.001), with WC, WHtR, LAP, BAI, and BRI also showed significant predictive value for IR. Conclusion: Anthropometric indices, particularly VAI, LAP, and BMI, reliably predicts glucose dysregulations and IR in women with PCOS. These simple, non-invasive measurements may serve as useful screening tools for early identifications of glucose dysregulation, aiding risk stratification and guiding further metabolic assessment.

Introduction and objective: Food irradiation is a preservation technique, the main purpose of which is to extend shelf life of food products by using ionizing radiation. Today, food irradiation technology is used worldwide. The aim of this study is to discuss the process of food irradiation,...

BACKGROUND Non-functioning adrenal adenomas (NFA) are prevalent tumors often associated with metabolic disturbances compared to the general population. This study aimed to evaluate cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in 106 patients with NFA using SCORE2 and SCORE2-OP algorithms. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study sample comprised of 106 patients with NFA. CVD risk was assessed using SCORE2 and SCORE2-OP charts. The study population was divided across different categories: low-to-moderate risk, high-risk, very high-risk of CVD. Anthropometric measurements, metabolic indices, lipid profiles, and carbohydrate metabolism parameters were analyzed across different CVD risk groups. RESULTS Very high-risk patients had a higher waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) value (0.95; 0.89-0.98) compared to low-to-moderate risk patients (0.89; 0.84-0.91; P=0.0049). Also, high-risk patients had a higher WHR value (0.92; 0.87-0.97) compared to low-to-moderate risk patients (0.89; 0.84-0.91; P=0.032). Patients with low-to-moderate CVD risk had significantly lower fasting glucose levels compared to patients with high CVD risk (5.35; 5.08-5.61 vs 5.78; 5.39-6.03; P=0.0093) as well as compared to patients with very high risk (5.35; 5.08-5.61 vs 5.83; 5.22-6.28; P=0.0230). There was no significant difference in lipid parameters and atherogenic indices between the groups based on CVD risk according to SCORE2 and SCORE2-OP. CONCLUSIONS Elevated fasting glucose levels are significantly associated with higher CVD risk in NFA patients, particularly in high and very high-risk group. Systolic blood pressure and WHR were identified as cost-effective measures for predicting of CVD among NFA patients. Metabolic indices did not show any significant differences across CVD risk groups.

Background: Sarcopenia, characterized by age-related loss of muscle mass and strength, is a growing public health concern requiring early detection; this exploratory study evaluated a range of anthropometric measurements and indices to identify those most suitable for screening low muscle strength in hospitalized geriatric patients and to determine preliminary cut-off values that may support screening in settings with limited access to specialized equipment or trained personnel. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 390 hospitalized geriatric-ward patients aged ≥ 60 years were included. The median age was 77.00 years (72.00, 82.00), and 258 participants (66.2%) were women. Anthropometric and body composition measurements were performed, and handgrip strength was assessed. Low muscle strength was defined according to The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2) criteria. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess associations between anthropometric measurements and low muscle strength, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate their screening performance. Results: Among 390 participants, 67 (17.2%) had low muscle strength. Low muscle strength was associated with older age, lower body weight, BMI (Body Mass Index), fat-free mass, and smaller arm and calf circumferences. Higher arm and calf circumferences were significantly associated with a lower risk of low muscle strength in both women (OR = 0.913 and 0.884) and men (OR = 0.793 and 0.769; all p < 0.05). ROC analysis identified optimal screening cut-offs: arm 26.5 cm and calf 31.5 cm in women, and arm 29.5 cm and calf 33 cm in men, showing moderate screening performance, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.63–0.78. Conclusions: Calf and arm circumferences are simple, quick, and non-invasive measurements that may be useful for screening low muscle strength in hospitalized geriatric patients, particularly in settings with limited access to specialized equipment. These measurements may help identify individuals who require further assessment for sarcopenia according to current clinical guidelines, with age being an important factor to consider. The proposed cut-off values should be considered hypothesis-generating rather than diagnostic thresholds for sarcopenia and require external validation in independent populations before they can be recommended for routine clinical use.