Normal 0 21 false false false TR X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Normal Tablo"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri;} Bu çalışma, Ekonomik İşbirliği ve Kalkınma Teşkilatı (OECD) üyesi ülkelerde 1995:Q1-2014:Q4 dönemi için “Fisher Hipotezi” nin geçerliliğini, dinamik panel veri analizi kullanarak test etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada dinamik panel veri analizi kullanılarak elde edilen bulgular şöyle sıralanabilir: a) OECD ülkelerinden herhangi birinde ortaya çıkacak bir ekonomik şok ya da bir politika değişikliği, diğer ülkeleri de etkilemektedir; b) OECD ülkelerinin her birinde, faiz ve enflasyon birbirini farklı derecede etkilemektedir. Bu bulgu, OECD ülkelerinin ekonomik yapılarının farklı olduğunu göstermektedir; c) İncelenen OECD ülkelerinde, enflasyon ile faiz arasında uzun dönemli bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiş olup, bu bulgu nominal faiz oranları ile enflasyon oranları arasında uzun dönemli bir ilişki olduğunu iddia eden Fisher hipotezini desteklemektedir; d) İncelenen OECD ülkelerinde, uzun dönemde faiz ve enflasyonun karşılıklı birbirlerini pozitif etkiledikleri tespit edilmiştir. Bu bulgu “Zayıf Fisher Etkisi” nin geçerli olduğunu ispatlamaktadır; e) Ülke bazlı elde edilen katsayılara göre beş OECD ülkesinde Fisher hipotezi geçerli değilken, on üç OECD ülkesinde zayıf Fisher etkisi, bir OECD ülkesinde ise tam Fisher etkisi geçerlidir; f) Son olarak, on üç OECD ülkesinde faiz oranlarında ortaya çıkan bir artış, enflasyonun da artmasına neden olmaktadır.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the dynamic relationship between oil exports, non-oil exports, imports and economic growth in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), covering the period 1972-2013 by using panel data analysis. Design/methodology/approach: The results from the dynamic panel data methods are as follows: there exists the cross-sectional dependence on each variable. According to the cross-sectionally augmented panel unit root tests, all variables are stationary at the first difference. Westerlund and Edgerton (2007) LM Bootstrap cointegration test shows that there is a long-term relationship between variables. Findings: The results obtained by the Common Correlated Effects (CCE) estimator indicate that the increase in oil exports has a positive impact on the GDP of all countries, while the increase in oil exports has a negative impact on the non-oil exports of some countries. Originality/value: In this study, the relationship between oil exports, economic growth, imports and non-oil exports of the 12 OPEC member countries is tested by considering the cross-sectional dependence between 1972 and 2013. In the study, the authors found a positive relationship as a result of researching the impact of oil exports on economic growth in the frame of CCE panel estimations results.

Conservation of the natural balance to hinder global warming is a contemporary task for policymakers. To this end, several policy tools have been proposed. Technological innovation, which increases productivity and aids in the development of eco-friendly technologies, and human capital, which fosters environmental awareness and provides knowledge of technology use, are among the policy options. Therefore, the primary aim of this study is to test whether human capital accumulation and technological innovation improve environmental sustainability in emerging countries by utilizing the recently proposed novel Cross-sectionally Augmented Autoregressive Distributed Lag method in ten of N-11 countries from 1996 to 2019. The empirical results suggest that economic development and human capital negatively impact environmental sustainability, proxied by the load capacity factor. In contrast, renewable energy has a positive impact on sustainable development. Lastly, empirical estimations using several technological innovation indicators uncover that technological innovation may have no systematic impact on the load capacity factor. Therefore, technological advances and human capital may not create the desired impact on environmental quality.