The extraction of plant essences and volatile organic compounds has been performed using various methods throughout history. The production of essential oils is a significant industry. One notable ornamental flower in the Philippines is Jasminum sambac (L.), also known as Arabian Jasmine or Sampaguita, which is highly fragrant and used in various cosmetics, food, and medicine. Researchers developed a method to produce quality J. sambac (L.) concrete using the Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE). Among the parameters explored, it was noted that no drying method had more pleasant odors, while other drying methods had varying effects on the extract scent. A temperature of 35 °C produces fragrant and sweet concrete, and temperatures above 40 °C result in burnt-smelling extract. Higher pressure enhanced the aroma and yield. The drying method also affected the output. Plucking petals before drying resulted in low-quality outcomes. Using a blow dryer damages the petals. A combination of low temperature, moderate pressure, and no drying method produced the best aromas. However, the process requires winterization to remove waxes in the samples, which will decrease the yield.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), or the human herpesvirus four is one of the most common human viruses affecting approximately 90% of the global population with infectious mononucleosis. Currently, there are no specific treatments or commercially available vaccines to protect against EBV. This study aims to develop an mRNA-based vaccine from the GP350 and BDLF3 envelope glycoproteins found within EBV via immunoinformatics. The researchers were able to identify 29 CTL, 4 HTL, and 1 B-cell epitopes using the process of reverse vaccinology. A multiple-epitope peptide vaccine construct was then designed using these predicted epitopes and was evaluated using different online bioinformatic platforms, as indicated in the methodology. Results indicate the potential of the vaccine construct to induce a human immune response. The peptide vaccine construct was evaluated for its primary sequence, secondary and tertiary structures, structural flexibility, residual frustrations, and subsequent docking with TLR2-TLR1 heterodimeric receptors. The designed vaccine construct had possessed desirable characteristics such alpha-helices, beta-sheets, partial structural flexibility, and minimal residual frustrations. Additionally, the predicted model had been able to bind the TLR2-TLR1 heterodimeric receptors with a stable binding energy. The peptide the vaccine construct was then optimized for in silico cloning and expression to E. coli strain K12, and the adapted codon sequence was then transcribed into an mRNA sequence serving as the final mRNA-based vaccine against EBV: ‘EBV-mRNAV’. The proposed vaccine construct was evaluated using the RNAfold web server, with results denoting that the adapted codon sequence was stable. The vaccine construct was then inserted into a plasmid vector for cloning, and the predicted secondary structures of the mRNA vaccine construct were shown to also be thermodynamically stable, in terms of its free energy. 'EBV-mRNAV' is a potential model that may be used for further studies, in order to contribute toward the development of an actual EBV mRNA-based vaccine. It is recommended that future studies elucidate an alternative tertiary model and cloning vector for the proposed vaccine construct.