Background: Globally, Millions of people cannot use health services because of the fear of payment for the service at the time of service delivery. From the agenda of transformation and the current situation of urbanization as well as to ensure universal health coverage implementing this program to the urban resident is mandatory. The aim of this study is to assess the willingness of community-based health insurance (CBHI) uptake and associated factors among urban residents of Oromia regional state, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2018. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. From the total of eighteen towns; six towns which account for 33% of the total were selected randomly for the study. One population proportion formula was employed to get a total of 845 households. A pre-tested, semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the required data. Double-Bounded Dichotomous Choice Variant of the contingent valuation method was used to assess the maximum willingness to pay for the scheme, and a multiple logistic regression model was used to determine the effect of various factors on the willingness to join and willingness to pay for the households. Result: About 839 (99.3%) of the respondents participated. The mean ages of the respondents were 40.44(SD ± 11.12) years. 621 (74.1%) ever heard about CBHI with 473 (56.3%) knowing the benefits package. Out of 839, 724 (86.3%) were willing to uptake CBHI of which 704 (83.9%) were willing to pay if CBHI established in their town. Conclusion: If CBHI established about 86.3% of the households would enroll in the scheme. Having education, with a family size between 3 & 6, having difficulty in paying for health care and less than 20mins it took to reach the nearest health facility were the independent predictors of the willingness of CBHI uptake. The Oromia and Towns Health Bureau should consider the availability of health facilities near to the community and establishing CBHI in the urban towns.

Background: Cervical cancer (CCa) is the second most common type of cancer and a leading cause of death among adult women in Ethiopia. However, at the moment, there is a lack of evidence that can be generalizable as a whole to the country regarding the uptake of cervical cancer screening. Objective: The aim of this review was to assess the pooled estimated uptake of CCa and to identify the major barriers to cervical cancer screening (CCS) uptake among adult women in Ethiopia. Method: The review protocol was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with a registration number of CRD42022353954. The data were searched electronically using Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline, and Web of Science search engines. The heterogeneity of the literature was assessed using Cochran’s (Q) test and Higgin’s and Thomson’s (I²) statistic. The Rosenthal approach, Fail-safe N method, Egger’s test with a P-value <0.05, and funnel plot symmetry were used to detect publication bias. Random effect analysis was used to find out the pooled effect size. The Stata 17 software was used to perform analysis. Result: The pooled estimated uptake of CCS was 13.08% (POR 13.08; 95% CI: 10.24, 15.93; I² = 81.93%). Common factors associated with uptake of CCS were adequacy of knowledge (POR = 3.48; 95% CI: 2.74, 4.23; I² = 0%), attitudes of women (POR = 3.51; 95% CI: 2.96, 4.07; I² = 0%), and perceived susceptibility (POR = 4.03; CI: 2.68, 5.39; I² = 46.38%). A slightly high degree of overlap of studies was observed. Conclusion and Recommendation: The pooled estimated CCS is low. Factors like adequacy of knowledge of CCa, attitudes of women, and perception of susceptibility among women showed a significant association with cervical cancer screening uptake. Creating a platform where women can get adequate and focused information about cervical cancer and screening is crucial.

Background: Cervical cancer is a major public health problem in low-income countries, including Ethiopia. Various pieces of evidence show that the uptake of cervical cancer screening is low in Ethiopia. The reasons for this low uptake of cervical cancer screening have not been well documented.Objective: The aim of this study is to explore the reasons for not taking up cervical cancer screening and gather the perspectives of women and healthcare providers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods: Adult women and healthcare providers participated in the study. Eleven focus group discussions were conducted with women from the community. A total of 18 key Informant interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals who providing cervical cancer screening services and family health team leaders. Interviews and discussions were audio recorded, transcribed, and coded. We used MAXQDA software v.20 for data reduction to facilitate thematic analysis and interpretation.Results: Eleven focus group discussions and 18 key informant interviews were conducted. In this study, individual-level barriers, such as low knowledge of cervical cancer and screening, feeling healthy, fear of the screening procedure and results, fear of not being cured, fear of divorce, stigma and discrimination, preference for female healthcare providers, and spousal disapproval or resistance, were identified as the main reasons for the low uptake of screening. Community-level barriers such as perceiving cervical cancer as a deadly disease; misconceptions, such as screening causing infertility, and the absence of open discussion, were also found to contribute to low screening uptake.Conclusion and recommendations: Knowledge about cervical cancer and screening was found to be inadequate. Individual and community-level socio-cultural barriers were identified as reasons for the low uptake of screening. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct behavioral change and communication activities at both the individual and community levels to increase knowledge of cervical cancer and screening, reduce sociocultural barriers, and improve the uptake of cervical cancer screening.

Cervical cancer (CCa) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death among women in Addis Ababa and other regions of Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to assess the level of awareness, knowledge, and knowledge of predictors of CCa and screening among women aged 30–49 years in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A total of 1980 women aged 30–49 were randomly selected through multistage sampling in Addis Ababa. Data were collected using the Kobo Toolbox after developing and validating the data collection tools. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of cervical cancer awareness and knowledge, with a significance level set at a P-value of <0.05. Out of 1,890, 1,881 (99.5%) responded, 1,736 (92.3%) had heard of CCa, 1,015 (54.0%) were aware that Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a risk factor, and 1,237 (65.8%) knew that HPV vaccination prevents CCa. More than half, 1,025 (54.5%) (95%CI = 52.2%–56.8%) had good knowledge of risk factors, 980 (52.1%) (95% CI = 49.8, 54.4%) had poor knowledge of symptoms, and 963 (51.2%) (95% CI = 48.9%, 53.5%) exhibited poor awareness. Overall, 990 (52.6%) (95% CI = 50.4, 54.9%) participants had good knowledge of cervical cancer. Factors such as higher educational attainment (AOR = 2.23; 95% CI: 1.49, 3.34), higher family income (AOR = 1.50; 95%CI: 1.01, 2.23), knowing health facility offering screening (AOR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.68), and knowing someone having cervical cancer (AOR = 5.46; 95% CI: 3.31, 8.97) were significantly associated with overall knowledge levels. Awareness and knowledge about cervical cancer and screening are suboptimal. These findings underscore the need for educational intervention to enhance awareness and knowledge of cervical cancer to reduce the high burden of the disease in the city and other regions of Ethiopia.

Introduction: High level of professional satisfaction among health workers earns high dividends such as higher worker force retention and patients satisfactionObjective: To assess level of employees` satisfaction and associated factors among employees` working in Adama hospital medical college town from January to March 2019.Methods: institution based cross-sectional study design was employed. About 389 employees were interviewed.Multi variable logistic regression analysis was used to identify the relationship among predictors and outcome variable. P-value <0.25 will be used as cutoff point for variable to be candidate for multi variable logistic regression. P-value <0.05 and Adjusted odds ratio at 95% level of significance will be used to declare predictors of employees satisfaction.Results: A total of 389 study participant responded to the questionnaires with response rate of 92.20%. More than half 212(54.5%) were male and the mean age of study participants were 32.24 years (SD± 7.87). The overall level of job satisfaction was 185(47.6%) (95%CI: 1.43, 1.53). Factors like shisha smoking (AOR, 0.4; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.44), Co-workers relationship (AOR, 2.85; 95% CI: 1.21, 6.72), working environment (AOR, 4.08; 95% CI: 1.98, 8.41), autonomy at their working (AOR, 4.40; 95% CI: 1.89, 11.19), commitment for their organization (AOR, 2.48; 95% CI: 1.20, 5.10), performance evaluation (AOR, 5.69; 95% CI: 2.53, 12.80), promotion or growth opportunity (AOR, 9.58; 95% CI: 4.11, 22.32) and relationship with immediate supervisor (AOR,4.59; 95% CI: 1.89, 11.19) shows significant association with employees` job satisfaction.Conclusion and recommendation: The overall level of employees` satisfaction is low. The organization should work on factors associated with employees` job satisfaction in order to increase satisfaction levels of employees.

1Department of Public Health, Adama Hospital Medical College, Adama, Ethiopia, 2Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 3Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 4Department of Oncology, College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 5Surveillance & Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, United StatesIt should be corrected as 1Department of reproductive, Family and Population health, School of public health, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia , 2Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 3Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 4Department of Oncology, College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 5Surveillance & Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, United States