This paper provides a comprehensive overview on the design and modification of carbon cloth as advanced electrodes for high-performance supercapacitor assembly.

The prediction and characterization of the single-electron sodium bond complexes Y–CNa–H [Y = H₃, H₃CH₂, (H₃C)₂H and (H₃C)₃] have been investigated for the first time by using MP2/6-311++G(d,p), MP2/6-311++G(2d,2p) and MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ methods. The strength of the interactions in H₃CNa–H, H₃CH₂CNa–H, (H₃C)₂HCNa–H, and (H₃C)₃CNa–H complexes has been analyzed. It is shown that the (H₃C)₃C radical with Na–H forms the strongest single-electron sodium bond, followed by the (H₃C)₂HC radical and then the H₃CH₂C radical. H₃C radical forms the weakest single-electron sodium bond. NBO and AIM analyses have also been used to estimate such conclusions. Furthermore, there are few linear/nonlinear relationships among the several parameters in system and the interaction mode of single-electron Na bond is LP₁(C) → LP₁*(Na), which is different from the single-electron H bond and single electron halogen bond. By comparisons with some related systems, it is concluded that the strength of single-electron bond is increased in the order: hydrogen bond < sodium bond < bromine bond < lithium bond.